嚴愛芬++++++陳捷
[摘要] 目的 探討Obestatin水平與冠狀動脈粥樣硬化心臟病(CHD)的相關性。 方法 選取行冠狀動脈造影確診CHD患者90例(觀察組),選取同期在體檢中心檢查的健康人60例(對照組)。檢測血清Obestatin、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反應蛋白(hs-CRP)、纖維蛋白原(Fg)等指標的濃度,探究Obestatin水平與CHD的關系。 結果 觀察組患者Obestatin水平較對照組顯著升高(P < 0.01)。Obestatin與Hcy、hs-CRP、Fg、TC、TG、LDL、Lp(a)呈正相關,與HDL呈負相關。 結論 CHD患者血清Obestatin水平顯著升高,推測Obestatin可能是CHD的一個危險因子。
[關鍵詞] Obestatin;Hcy;冠狀動脈粥樣硬化心臟病;相關性
[中圖分類號] R541.4 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701(2014)09-0138-03
冠狀動脈粥樣硬化心臟病簡稱為“冠心病”,因發病率高,且死亡率高,嚴重威脅著人類健康,故被稱為“人類第一殺手”。Obestatin是一種Ghrelin相關肽,Obestatin在能量代謝和肥胖方面發揮著重要作用,但關于Obestatin在動脈粥樣硬化方面的研究還有待進一步深入。同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反應蛋白(hs-CRP)是CHD的獨立危險因素,Hcy是一種會致使血管損傷的氨基酸[1],而其導致動脈粥樣硬化發生的機制尚不是很清楚,可能與導致血管內皮細胞損傷、促進血管鈣化、致血栓形成、參與炎性反應、影響血管平滑肌增殖等幾個方面有關[2]。hs-CRP目前被認為是與動脈粥樣硬化關系最密切的炎癥標志物之一[3],但它們與Obestatin的相關性報道文獻不多。因此有必要探討Obestatin在冠狀動脈粥樣硬化心臟病中的變化及與Hcy、hs-CRP等指標的相關性。
1 對象與方法
1.1 研究對象
選擇于2012年1月~2013年6月在我院心血管內科住院行冠狀動脈造影術確診的冠狀動脈粥樣硬化心臟病(CHD)患者90例,排除胃切除、腫瘤、生長激素缺乏、惡病質、嚴重感染、糖尿病、甲狀腺疾病、未控制的嚴重高血壓、應用類固醇治療者及其他嚴重的全身疾病的患者,其中男58例,女32例,年齡40~86歲,平均(64.6±11.2)歲;根據中華醫學會心血管病學分會2007年冠心病分類診斷標準,臨床診斷為急性心肌梗死(AMI)組、不穩定型心絞痛(UAP)組、穩定型心絞痛(SAP)組。將觀察組分為AMI組28例(男17例,女11例)、UAP組30例(男18例,女12例)、SAP組32例(男23例,女9例);對照組是同時期在本院體檢中心檢查的正常人60例,男37例,女23例,年齡36~70歲,平均(51.7±13.0)歲,均無糖尿病、高血壓、高血脂、腦梗死、腎炎、肝硬化及出凝血疾病。各組間年齡、性別上差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 觀察指標 記錄每位患者的年齡、性別、血壓等情況。
1.2.2 Obestatin、Hcy、hs-CRP、纖維蛋白原(Fg)及血脂(TC、TG、LDL、Lp(a)、HDL)濃度檢測 患者入院后空腹12 h后早晨抽取肘靜脈血4 mL于黃色生化分離管,2.7 mL于藍色枸櫞酸鈉抗凝管。室溫下離心(3600 r/min,15 min),取上層血清,用于Obestatin檢測的血清1 mL保存于-20℃低溫,其他項目都在當日完成檢測。Obestatin水平采用酶聯免疫分析技術(ELISA法)測定,試劑盒由浙大生科生物技術有限公司提供,批內<9%,批間<15%,樣本線性回歸與預期濃度相關系數r值為0.92以上。嚴格按照說明書對所有樣本同一批次進行檢測。Hcy、hs-CRP、血脂(TC、TG、LDL、Lp(a)、HDL)由OlympusAU5431全自動生化分析儀測定,使用原裝試劑,按說明書操作。Fg由STAGO全自動血凝儀測定,使用原裝試劑,按說明書操作。
1.2.3 冠狀動脈造影 按美國心臟病學學會/美國心臟學會(ACC/AHA)的冠狀動脈造影指南,采用飛利浦公司的Integris CV-DSA。
1.3 統計學分析
采用SPSS 16.0統計學軟件進行分析,計量資料用均數±標準差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗,多組間的比較采用方差分析,計數資料采用χ2檢驗,P < 0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 觀察組與對照組、AMI、UAP、SAP三組間血清Obestatin水平比較
觀察組與對照組、AMI、UAP、SAP三組間年齡、性別、血壓比較差異均無統計學意義(P > 0.05)。觀察組Obestatin水平較對照組顯著升高,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.01);AMI、UAP、SAP三組間的血清Obestatin水平略有差異,但差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05),說明Obestatin水平與觀察組中三種疾病的類型無關。見表1。
表1 AMI、UAP、SAP三組間血清Obestatin水平比較(x±s)
2.2 觀察組患者血清Obestatin水平與Hcy、hs-CRP等指標的相關性分析
觀察組血清Obestatin水平與Hcy、hs-CRP、Fg、TC、TG、LDL、Lp(a)呈正相關(r值分別為0.589、0.684、0.415、0.565、0.691、0.739、0.621),而與HDL呈負相關(r=-0.572)。
3 討論
2005年11月,Zhang等[4]研究證實Preproghrelin不僅可產生Ghrelin,另外還可產生一種多肽,命名為Obestatin,并且在大鼠胃組織中提取到該種激素。Obestatin由23個氨基酸組成,C末端的甘氨酸殘基帶有酰基化修飾基團,小鼠、大鼠、靈長類和人類的Obestatin氨基酸序列一致。Obestatin是與Ghrelin來自同一基因的多肽,由Preproghrelin經過不同剪切方式而形成,是孤兒受體G蛋白耦聯受體39的內源性配體。有很多資料及研究顯示Ghrelin可作為一種心臟保護因子[5-21],而另有研究顯示在心血管系統中Obestatin與Ghrelin具有相反的生物學意義[22-24]。Hcy是最新發現的心血管疾病獨立危險因素,現有越來越多的研究顯示,高Hcy血癥增加了心血管系統疾病發生的風險[25,26]。而hs-CRP是一個重要的敏感炎性反應標志物,其水平高低與動脈粥樣硬化的程度相關。Wu等[27]研究顯示,冠心病者血漿hs-CRP水平明顯高于非冠心病者。endprint
本研究結果顯示,觀察組較對照組Obestatin水平顯著升高,表明Obestatin可能是CHD患者的一個危險因素。在觀察組中按照疾病分類的三組AMI、UAP、SAP之間水平略有差異,但差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05),推測可能CHD患者Obestatin水平升高與冠狀動脈狹窄程度和病變部位關系不大。有研究表明Obestatin可能參與機體糖代謝的調節,與機體的糖代謝異常有關[28-32]。Obestatin水平與Hcy、hs-CRP、Fg及血脂呈正相關,說明Hcy、hs-CRP是CHD患者的獨立危險因素。張帥[33]提出,Hcy、hs-CRP致使機體發生炎癥反應而處于血栓前狀態,從而增加患者發生CHD的可能性,Hcy水平與CHD患者疾病嚴重程度呈正相關。
總之,本研究提示冠狀動脈粥樣硬化心臟病患者血清Obestatin水平明顯升高,并與冠心病的某些危險因素相關,故推測Obestatin可能是CHD的一個危險因子。考慮到由于本研究標本數量有限,相關結論還需進一步證實。
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[22] Lagaud GJ, Young A, Acena A,et al. Obestatin reduces food intake and suppresses body weight gain in rodents[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2007,357(1):264-269.
[23] Green BD, Irwin N, Flatt PR. Direct and indirect effects of obestatin peptides on food intake and the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in mice[J]. Peptides, 2007, 28(5):981-987.
[24] Szentirmai E, Krueger JM. Obestatin alters sleep in rats[J]. Neurosci Lett,2006,404(1-2):222-226.
[25] 蘇健,陸義萍,鳳爾翠,等. 血漿同型半胱氨酸水平與冠心病關系的Meta分析[J]. 中國循證醫學雜志,2009, 9(8):862-865.
[26] Yagura C,Takamura N,Kadota K,et al. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors and related clinical markers in healthy young Japanese adults[J]. Clin Chemlab Med,2007,45(2):220-225.
[27] Wu MH,Wang JH,Lai CP,et al. Association of hs-CRP with the severity of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction[J]. Int J Cardiol,2004,97(Suppl 2):47-49.
[28] Langenberg C, Bergstrom J, Laughlin GA, et al. Ghrelin and the metabolic syndrome in older adults[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2005,90(12):6448-6453.
[29] Park HS, Lee KU, Kim YS, et al. Relationships between fasting plasma ghrelin levels and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents[J]. Metabolism,2005, 54(7):925-929.
[30] Chu MC, Cosper P, Orio F, et al. Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin,leptin,resistin,and ghrelin[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2006,194(1):100-104.
[31] Qi X, Li L,Yang G, et al. Circulating obestatin levels in normal subjects and in patients with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),2007,66(4):593-597.
[32] Chanoine JP, Wong AC, Barrios V,et al. Obestatin, acylated and total ghrelin concentrations in the perinatal rat pancreas[J]. Horm Res,2006,66(2):81-88.
[33] 張帥. 酶法同型半胱氨酸和超敏C-反應蛋白在冠心病中的應用[J]. 中國醫藥指南,2011,9(24):113-114.
(收稿日期:2013-11-06)endprint
[15] Li GZ,Jiang W,Zhao J, et al. Ghrelin blunted vascular calcification in vivo and in vitro in rats[J]. Regul Pept,2005,129(1-3):167-176.
[16] Nagaya N,Kangawa K. Therapeutic potential of ghrelin in the treatment of heart failure[J]. Drugs,2006,66(4):439-448.
[17] Benso A,Broglio F, Marafetti L, et al. Ghrelin and synthetic growth hormone secretagogues are cardioactive molecules with identities and differences[J]. Semin Vasc Med,2004,4(2):107-114.
[18] Chang L,Ren Y,Liu X,et al. Protective effects of ghrelin on ischemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart[J]. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol,2004,43(2):165-170.
[19] Nagaya N,Moriya J,Yasumura Y,et al. Effects of ghrelin administration on left ventricular function,exercise capacity,and muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure[J]. Circulation,2004,110(24):3674-3679.
[20] Purnell JQ,Weigle DS,Breen P,et al. Ghrelin levels correlate with insulin levels,insulin resistance,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not with gender, menopausal status, or cortisol levels in humans[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2003,88(12):5747-5752.
[21] Shimizu Y, Nagaya N, Teranishi Y,et al. Ghrelin improves endothelial dysfunction through growth hormone-independent mechanisms in rats[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,310(3):830-835.
[22] Lagaud GJ, Young A, Acena A,et al. Obestatin reduces food intake and suppresses body weight gain in rodents[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2007,357(1):264-269.
[23] Green BD, Irwin N, Flatt PR. Direct and indirect effects of obestatin peptides on food intake and the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in mice[J]. Peptides, 2007, 28(5):981-987.
[24] Szentirmai E, Krueger JM. Obestatin alters sleep in rats[J]. Neurosci Lett,2006,404(1-2):222-226.
[25] 蘇健,陸義萍,鳳爾翠,等. 血漿同型半胱氨酸水平與冠心病關系的Meta分析[J]. 中國循證醫學雜志,2009, 9(8):862-865.
[26] Yagura C,Takamura N,Kadota K,et al. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors and related clinical markers in healthy young Japanese adults[J]. Clin Chemlab Med,2007,45(2):220-225.
[27] Wu MH,Wang JH,Lai CP,et al. Association of hs-CRP with the severity of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction[J]. Int J Cardiol,2004,97(Suppl 2):47-49.
[28] Langenberg C, Bergstrom J, Laughlin GA, et al. Ghrelin and the metabolic syndrome in older adults[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2005,90(12):6448-6453.
[29] Park HS, Lee KU, Kim YS, et al. Relationships between fasting plasma ghrelin levels and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents[J]. Metabolism,2005, 54(7):925-929.
[30] Chu MC, Cosper P, Orio F, et al. Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin,leptin,resistin,and ghrelin[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2006,194(1):100-104.
[31] Qi X, Li L,Yang G, et al. Circulating obestatin levels in normal subjects and in patients with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),2007,66(4):593-597.
[32] Chanoine JP, Wong AC, Barrios V,et al. Obestatin, acylated and total ghrelin concentrations in the perinatal rat pancreas[J]. Horm Res,2006,66(2):81-88.
[33] 張帥. 酶法同型半胱氨酸和超敏C-反應蛋白在冠心病中的應用[J]. 中國醫藥指南,2011,9(24):113-114.
(收稿日期:2013-11-06)endprint
[15] Li GZ,Jiang W,Zhao J, et al. Ghrelin blunted vascular calcification in vivo and in vitro in rats[J]. Regul Pept,2005,129(1-3):167-176.
[16] Nagaya N,Kangawa K. Therapeutic potential of ghrelin in the treatment of heart failure[J]. Drugs,2006,66(4):439-448.
[17] Benso A,Broglio F, Marafetti L, et al. Ghrelin and synthetic growth hormone secretagogues are cardioactive molecules with identities and differences[J]. Semin Vasc Med,2004,4(2):107-114.
[18] Chang L,Ren Y,Liu X,et al. Protective effects of ghrelin on ischemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart[J]. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol,2004,43(2):165-170.
[19] Nagaya N,Moriya J,Yasumura Y,et al. Effects of ghrelin administration on left ventricular function,exercise capacity,and muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure[J]. Circulation,2004,110(24):3674-3679.
[20] Purnell JQ,Weigle DS,Breen P,et al. Ghrelin levels correlate with insulin levels,insulin resistance,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not with gender, menopausal status, or cortisol levels in humans[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2003,88(12):5747-5752.
[21] Shimizu Y, Nagaya N, Teranishi Y,et al. Ghrelin improves endothelial dysfunction through growth hormone-independent mechanisms in rats[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,310(3):830-835.
[22] Lagaud GJ, Young A, Acena A,et al. Obestatin reduces food intake and suppresses body weight gain in rodents[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2007,357(1):264-269.
[23] Green BD, Irwin N, Flatt PR. Direct and indirect effects of obestatin peptides on food intake and the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in mice[J]. Peptides, 2007, 28(5):981-987.
[24] Szentirmai E, Krueger JM. Obestatin alters sleep in rats[J]. Neurosci Lett,2006,404(1-2):222-226.
[25] 蘇健,陸義萍,鳳爾翠,等. 血漿同型半胱氨酸水平與冠心病關系的Meta分析[J]. 中國循證醫學雜志,2009, 9(8):862-865.
[26] Yagura C,Takamura N,Kadota K,et al. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors and related clinical markers in healthy young Japanese adults[J]. Clin Chemlab Med,2007,45(2):220-225.
[27] Wu MH,Wang JH,Lai CP,et al. Association of hs-CRP with the severity of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction[J]. Int J Cardiol,2004,97(Suppl 2):47-49.
[28] Langenberg C, Bergstrom J, Laughlin GA, et al. Ghrelin and the metabolic syndrome in older adults[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2005,90(12):6448-6453.
[29] Park HS, Lee KU, Kim YS, et al. Relationships between fasting plasma ghrelin levels and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents[J]. Metabolism,2005, 54(7):925-929.
[30] Chu MC, Cosper P, Orio F, et al. Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin,leptin,resistin,and ghrelin[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2006,194(1):100-104.
[31] Qi X, Li L,Yang G, et al. Circulating obestatin levels in normal subjects and in patients with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),2007,66(4):593-597.
[32] Chanoine JP, Wong AC, Barrios V,et al. Obestatin, acylated and total ghrelin concentrations in the perinatal rat pancreas[J]. Horm Res,2006,66(2):81-88.
[33] 張帥. 酶法同型半胱氨酸和超敏C-反應蛋白在冠心病中的應用[J]. 中國醫藥指南,2011,9(24):113-114.
(收稿日期:2013-11-06)endprint