李健
【中圖分類號】G633.4 【文獻標識碼】A 【文章編號】2095-3089(2014)03-0170-02
素質教育是針對人的本質特征進行教育培養,使良好行為或品質固定下來并具有恒定特性的教育過程。素質教育應包括這樣三個方面,即身體素質、心理素質教育和社會性素質教育。思想政治素質是最重要的素質,而道德品質是素質教育的靈魂。要突出德育的首要位置,要把學生成為“四有新人”,要使他們不僅有知識的儲備,還要具有愛國主義情感,樹立正確的人生觀、價值觀以及具有高尚的審美情趣等。下面,僅粗淺談一談對英語教學中的德育教育的一些方法的討論。
一、榜樣激勵法
教師可以利用課本本身的情節,主人公的精神品質來激勵學生。課文中有許多這樣的材料。SB1BUnit 20 L78 Paper 課文中第一段講道:“The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years; paper was one of the most important inventions the whole of Chinese history. As a result of this invention, much is known about Chinese history because records were kept on paper. However, in other parts of the world, much of the history over hundreds of years is completely unknown. As there was no paper in these countries, no records were kept.” 又如SBIB Unit 24L94 A Farming Pioneer 中一段講道:“China was one of the first countries in the world to study the science of farming.” “While pepole in other countries in the world were trying to catch wild animals and birds and were still collecting seeds and nuts, farmers in China were developing the science of agriculture.”通過以上兩則事實的描述對學生進行愛國主義教育,促進學生產生民族自豪感,激發學生的愛國主義情感。
SB2B Unit 13 L50 Albert Einstein 文中通過對 Albert Einstein 的學習,特別是其中“He stuck to his opinion and went on with his research but he asked for very little money.” 這表現出 Albert Einstein 追求真理、堅持真理的科學態度。 另外一句:“Besides his work in physics ,he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.”這表現出他對人人平等的追求與努力。還有一句:“It was sand that he found in music the peace which was missing in a world full of wars and killings.”表現出他厭惡戰爭,渴望和平的思想。而“He once refused to speak on the radio for S1000 a minute.”則表現出他對金錢的態度。與之類似的還有SB3A Unit 1 L2 L3 Madame Curie一課,Madame Curie 將她的發現的一種元素命名為polonium 以紀念她的祖國,表現她的愛國情感。“We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well, and that, when we discover what this something is, we must work hard at it until we succeed.” 則表現出她對科學研究的執著追求的態度。“She refused to treat these new discoveries as though they belonged to her, and instead shared all her knowledge with the whole scientific world.”表現出她在科學研究方面的大公無私精神。
二、創設情景法
SB2B L29 Fiest Aid 是一篇兩個人Chen Wei 和Susan主動幫助受傷小女孩的故事。教師可以對主動提出幫助的動機進行分析,使學生很自然的受到尊老愛幼、助人為樂、與人為善等優秀品質的教育。同時,提供一些場景或學生自己設想場景來進行分組練習。這既可培養說話能力,又滲透了助人為樂的思想教育。
三、總結課文主題思想法
SB1B Unit 26 L102 L103 An Interesting Life 中講述了歌星 Bob Geldof 實施一個為非洲貧困區獻愛心的計劃。可以提問:“What did the writer want to show by telling us such a story?”使學生通過分析內容而了解Bob Geldof 的無私奉獻和助人為樂的精神。同時,又可通過另一個問題,:“What shall we do now?” 使學生認識到要幫助身邊的貧困生,要為希望工程獻愛心,要為災區人民出份力,要為建設祖國而發奮學習,從而激發學生的愛國之情。在另兩篇課文SB2A Unit 9 Saving the Earth 和 SB3A Unit 6L22 Dealing with Waste 中,談到了當今熱點之一的環境問題,是學生產生了一種危機感。通過提問:“As a student, what shall we do to change the situation?”讓學生認識要從自己做起,從小事做起,保護我們賴以生存的地球,增強了環保意識。
四、討論法
教師可從學生的討論中了解他們的心理、觀念,然后進行比較分析從而作出判斷,給予適當的補充,進一步完善學生的觀點。從而很自然地引導學生樹立正確的人生觀。
如SB2A Unit 10 L 38 At the TailorsShop 一課中,可提出兩個問題:1.Why did the shop assistant show the customer the cheapest clothes? 2.What made the manager and Tod change the attitudes to the customer? 痛過討論揭示出資本主義社會“money talk”的本質。接著,通過討論What do you think the relationships between money and life in China? 讓學生認識到崇高的理想,成功的事業,真摯的友誼,健康的體魄等都是金錢買不到的,從而樹立正確的金錢觀。
五、師德垂范法
榜樣的力量是無窮的。雖然,本文“一”是有“榜樣激勵法”,但對學生來說畢竟有些抽象。學生們很自然地會模仿別人的言行。教師和學生們朝夕相處,加之教師在學生心中的特殊地位和份量,教師的一言一行自然地影響到學生。學高為師,身正為范,在教學中教師應精神飽滿,熱情洋溢,以良好的情緒,高度的事業心和責任感去影響、激發學生積極向上的學習興趣和發展他們的優良性格及品質。
除此之外,還可利用板報,墻報等給他們一些內容健康的諺語、警句、格言等,讓學生潛移默化地接受思想教育。