話題22 地理與歷史（History and geography）

紀樂佳

一、命題預測

命題人可能要求考生寫介紹某一地點及其歷史的郵件或回信、介紹家鄉或旅游景點的發言稿、介紹歷史文化的活動貼、報刊中“地理與歷史”欄目的約稿信等，這些都需介紹地理與歷史及其相關內容。

二、常用短語

1. be located in/lie in位于

2. consist of/ be made up of由……組成

3. with/cover/have an area of...占地（面積）……

4. with/have a history of...有……的歷史

5. have/with a population of...有……的人口

6. be rich/abundant in在……方面很豐富

7. study Chinese history學習中國歷史

8. had its origins in； originated from/with起源于

9. protect cultural relics/heritage保護文化遺產

10. the brilliant history and culture燦爛的歷史文化

11. a country with an ancient civilization一個文明古國

12. learn about our national culture了解我們的民族文化

13. natural and tourism resources自然資源和旅游資源

14. historical site； places of historic interest古跡，歷史遺跡

15. be famous for its history of civilization以其文明的歷史而著稱

16. be considered（as/to be）a country with a long history被認為是具有悠久歷史的國家

三、套用句式

1. China， covering an area of 9， 600， 000 square kilometers， has a population of 1.3 billion， consisting of 56 nationalities.中國有著960萬平方千米的面積和13億人口，由56個民族組成。

2. As a country with an ancient civilization， China has a brilliant history of 5000 years and rich culture. 作為一個文明古國，中國有著五千年的燦爛歷史和豐富的文化。

3. There are many historical sites and cultural relics in China， which are well protected by Chinese people who are hard-working and brave. 在中國，有著許多歷史遺跡和文化遺產，這些一直都被勤勞勇敢的中國人民好好保護著。

4. As is known to all， Dan Xia Mountain is not only famous for its Dan Xia landform， but also rich in biological resources. 眾所周知，丹霞山不僅以其丹霞地貌聞名，還蘊含豐富的生物資源。

5. Both the traffic and accommodation here are very convenient and every year hundreds of tourists from home and abroad come here for a visit. 這里的交通和住宿都很方便，每年成百上千的來自國內外的游客都來這里旅游。

6. Sydney， the largest city in Australia， has many places of interest， among which the Opera House is well-known all over the world. 悉尼是澳大利亞最大城市。有許多名勝古跡，其中悉尼歌劇院聞名于世。

四、習作修改（做短文改錯，背經典范文）

Ladies and Gentlemen，

Welcome to Guangdong Province. Im Wang Hong， your guide. Guangdong Province， also called Yue for short， with a long history and is known for the saying，“Dont hesitate to have meals here.”Locating by the South Sea in the southeast part of mainland China， it has quite a few island off its coastline which has the total length of 3，368 kilometres. Known for a fruit king， Guangdong is famous for bananas， sugar cane， lychees or pineapples.

It is also one of most developed industrial provinces in South China， with conveniently transportation both on land and water. They has several special economic zones and such as Shenzhen and Zhuhai.

Finally， I sincerely hope you will enjoy yourselves here.

五、課堂練習

假如你是李華，你的美國朋友Chris對中國的地理和歷史非常感興趣，特來信請你為他作介紹。現請你給他寫封回信，介紹中國的概況。內容包括：

1. 中國的地理及概況。

2. 中國的歷史及其歷史遺跡。

3. 邀請他來中國游玩或學習。

注意：1. 詞數100左右。

2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

3. 開頭與結語已為你寫好。

Dear Chris，

I am glad that you are very interested in Chinese history and geography. Let me introduce China to you now.

...

Looking forward to your coming.

Yours，

Li Hua

[寫作指導]

第一步，認真審題，明確要求。

體裁：回信。

人稱：第一、三人稱。

時態：一般現在時。

要點：先談談中國的地理及概況；再談中國的歷史及其歷史遺跡；最后邀請他來中國游玩或學習。

第二步，列出要點，拓展思路。

1. 簡介中國地理及其概況：地理位置、面積（世界上面積第三大國）、首都、人口、民族、地理特色等。（key words： capital，be located in， cover an area of... square kilometers， has a population of...， consisting of ...nationalities）

2. 簡介中國歷史及其遺跡：文明古國、五千年歷史、歷史遺址、文化遺產等。（key words： a country with an ancient civilization， has a history of...， historical sites and cultural relics， the Great Wall）

3. 邀請朋友來中國游玩或學習：學習中國歷史、了解中國文化、了解民族精神等。（key words： study Chinese history， learn about our national culture）

第三步，增加細節，變點成句。

要點1. 我的祖國，中國（首都北京），坐落于亞洲東部。中國有著960萬平方千米的面積和13億人口，由56個民族組成。

要點2. 作為一個文明古國，中國有著五千年的燦爛歷史和豐富的文化。在中國，有著許多歷史遺跡和文化遺產，這些一直都被勤勞勇敢的中國人民好好保護著。就像長城，就是世界上七大奇跡之一。

要點3. 如果你（指朋友）來到中國，你可以學習中國的歷史，了解我們的民族文化。相信你一定會愛上中國的。

第四步，連句成篇，工整謄寫。

六、課外作業

假如你是李華，你的美國朋友Chris將于下個月到你的家鄉游玩，請用英文給他寫封郵件，介紹你家鄉的一個旅游景點，內容包括：

1. 該景點的地理及概況。

2. 該景點的歷史與特色。

3. 該景點的氣候與交通。

注意：1. 詞數100左右。

2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

3. 開頭與結語已為你寫好。

Dear Chris，

I am glad that you will come to China to visit my hometown next month. You have made a wise choice. Let me introduce one of the famous tourist sites to you.

I am sure you will enjoy yourself here and look forward to seeing you very soon.

Yours，

Li Hua

參考答案與范文

四、習作修改

本文是一份導游發言稿，為游客介紹了廣東省的地理與歷史、特色與現狀。

1. with→has 因此處需有動詞與后面的is known for作并列謂語，故用has a long history。

2. Locating→Located 這里是located by ...作狀語，故改成located。

3. island→islands 此處island前有a few 修飾，故用復數islands。

4. the→ a 這里是指總體長度，故用a total length of...， 無需特指，故改成a。

5. for→as 這里指廣東作為水果王國聞名，故用 known as作狀語，故改成as。

6. or→and 此處是四種水果的并列舉例，故用and。

7. 在most developed前加上the 構成最高級。

8. conveniently→convenient 修飾名詞transportation用形容詞。

9. They→It 指代Guangdong Province，故改成it。

10. 去掉and 因such as...是舉例，并非與前面并列，所以去掉and。

五、課堂練習

Dear Chris，

I am glad that you are very interested in Chinese history and geography. Let me introduce China to you now.

My motherland， China， whose capital is Beijing， is located in the east of Asia. It covers an area of 9， 600，000 square kilometers and has a population of 1.3 billion， consisting of 56 nationalities.

As a country with an ancient civilization， China has a brilliant history of 5000 years and rich culture. There are many historical sites and cultural relics in China， which are well protected by Chinese people who are hard-working and brave. For example， the Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world.

If you come to China， you may study Chinese history and learn about our national culture. I am sure you will love China.

Looking forward to your coming.

Yours，

Li Hua

六、課外作業

Dear Chris，

I am glad that you will come to China to visit my hometown next month. You have made a wise choice. Let me introduce one of the famous tourist sites to you.

Dan Xia Mountain， which is about 280 kilometers away from Guangzhou， is located in the north of my hometown， Shaoguan city. With an area of 215 square kilometers， Dan Xia Mountain is listed the top of all of the mountains in Guangdong. It has a history of over 1400 years， with a population of 170，000. As we all know， Dan Xia Mountain is not only famous for its Dan Xia landform， but also rich in biological resources.

Since its hot in summer and cold in winter on Dan Xia Mountain， youd better go there in autumn. Besides， both the traffic and accommodation there are very convenient. Every year hundreds of tourists from home and abroad come to Dan Xia Mountain for a visit.

I am sure you will enjoy yourself here and look forward to seeing you very soon.

Yours，

Li Hua

（作者單位：廣東汕頭金砂中學）

責任編輯 蔣小青