對地觀測傳感網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)及服務(wù)模式進展與挑戰(zhàn)

陳能成 王偉 陳旭 嚴頌華 王超

摘 要：對地觀測傳感網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)由于其立體、實時、動態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù)獲取能力，準(zhǔn)確、綜合、連續(xù)多樣的數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)能力，已成為了空間信息科學(xué)界重要的理論研究對象，各國航天發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要組成部分以及人類獲取地球系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)，認知地球系統(tǒng)的重要手段。該文系統(tǒng)歸納了各類主要的對地觀測服務(wù)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史、現(xiàn)狀，涉及其系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)、服務(wù)模式、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范等多個方面，重點闡述了對地觀測傳感網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)概念的提出、發(fā)展、實現(xiàn)，并進一步分析了近年來出現(xiàn)的新理論、新技術(shù)、新需求對下一代對地觀測傳感網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)的影響，指出了其虛擬化、智能化、普適化和主動化的發(fā)展趨勢。

關(guān)鍵詞：對地觀測 觀測網(wǎng) 傳感網(wǎng) 服務(wù)模式 系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)

Abstract：With the stereoscopic， real-time and dynamic capability of data acquisition， as well as the accurate， comprehensive and continuously diversified data service competence， the Earth Observation sensor web systems has become the theoretical research object in the domain of spatial information science， the significant components of national space development strategy for various countries， and an important means for Earth system recognition. This study sums up the development history and current situation of the main Earth Observation service systems， covering the aspects of system architecture， service mode and standard specification， emphasizes on the proposing， developing and implementing of the notions of the Earth Observation sensor web systems， further analyzes the effects of the recently emerged theories， technologies， and requirements on the next generation of Earth Observation sensor web system architecture， and points out the development trend of virtualization， intellectualization， automation and generalization.

Key Words：Earth observation；Observation web；Sensor web；Service pattern；System architecture

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