例說單項(xiàng)選擇題中的結(jié)構(gòu)變化

張育陽

中圖分類號：G632 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：B 文章編號：1002-7661（2017）01-085-01

單項(xiàng)選擇題是高考題型中必不可少的題型，題目語境化、交際化、側(cè)重考查語言運(yùn)用能力的程度在逐年加大，表現(xiàn)在：題干隱蔽性強(qiáng)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)變化復(fù)雜等。這些都造成了學(xué)生在做題時(shí)感到無所適從或錯(cuò)選。下面就單項(xiàng)選擇題中的一些結(jié)構(gòu)變化例舉如下：

1.Do tell me the ways you think of ___ the problem as soon as possible.

A. to solve B. solving C. solve D. being solved

解析：答案為A。本題考查學(xué)生的逆向思維。因?yàn)閠hink of 通常接動詞-ing 形式，所以許多學(xué)生就誤選了B、D項(xiàng)。此題干中的you think of 是一定語從句修飾the ways，意為“你想到的辦法”，不是“你考慮解決困難”，故think of與solve 不是動賓關(guān)系。由題意“務(wù)必告訴我你想到的盡快解決這一困難的辦法。”可以看出solve the problem 作定語修飾the ways。way后面常用of doing或to do 作定語，故答案為A.

2.The theory he had stuck ___ to be true.

A. proved B .to proving C .to prove D . to proved

解析：答案為：D。此題把定語從句中的謂語動詞stuck to 與主句謂語連在一起，許多學(xué)生由于思維定勢而錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為介詞to后應(yīng)跟動詞-ing形式而錯(cuò)選為B。

3. ___the house Mr Zhang has been broken into？

A. When was it that B. When C. Has D. Had

解析：此題答案為C。主要考查疑問句的構(gòu)成。由于學(xué)生對題中含有的定語從句Mr Zhang has分辨不清，誤認(rèn)為Mr Zhang has been broken into而造成思維空缺，錯(cuò)選為A。此題句意為“是否有人闖入張先生的房子？”，故此題答案為C，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的一般疑問句。

4.Time must be made full use of ___hard.

A. to study B. study C. studying D. studied

解析：答案為A。此題考查的是make full use of time.。但由于此句用了被動語態(tài)使得謂語動詞中的of與后面作目的狀語的不定式連在一起，使許多學(xué)生認(rèn)為介詞of后跟to study是違背語法的而錯(cuò)選為C。

5.She is often listened ___ English songs.

A. to sing B. to to sing C. sing D. singing

解析：答案為B。此題考查感官動詞后跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)通常要省略to，但在變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)要加上其符號to，即：listen to sb. do sth.→sb. be listened to do sth.。這樣就把謂語中的listen to 與不定式to sing 中的兩個(gè)to連在一起，使得學(xué)生認(rèn)為兩個(gè)to是不可能連在一起的而誤選為A。

6.Who did the teacher ____an article for the wall newspaper？

A. has write B. has written C. have write D. have written

解析：答案為C。此題考查have sb. do sth.。但由于題干中用了一個(gè)特殊疑問詞what對賓語提問，造成學(xué)生對句子結(jié)構(gòu)分辨不清，認(rèn)為have write 不符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成而錯(cuò)選為B。

7.The teacher often tells him to spend as much time as he ___ his lessons.

A. can do to study B. can studying C. possibly studying D. possible to study

解析：答案B。此題主要考查句型to spend...（in） doing sth.但由于在賓語后插上一個(gè)狀語從句，并把從句中的謂語與該句型中的一部分連起來使得學(xué)生忽略對題干的整體理解而誤選。

8.The home improvements have taken what little there is ___ my spare time.

A. from B. in C. of D. at

解析：答案為C。此題設(shè)計(jì)巧妙，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，我們通過觀察句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)，謂語動詞have taken 的賓語是一個(gè)以what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，如把此句用正常語序排列：...what little___my spare time there is可清楚地看出“...花費(fèi)我的空余時(shí)間中的不多時(shí)間”，故正確答案為C。

9.Last term our teacher set so difficult an examination problem ___none of us worked out.

A. that B. as C. so that D. which

解析：答案為B。此題考查引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞之間的區(qū)別。但由于學(xué)生們故有的思維定勢而輕率的選擇了A，忽略了對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的進(jìn)一步探究。狀語從句none of us worked out中的worked out 是一個(gè)及物動詞須帶賓語，因此須用關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)，as作worked out 的賓語。如要看作狀語從句，則必須加上代詞it，即...worked it out.

10.Is this watch ___ you wish to have repaired？

A. the one B. which C. that D. what

解析：答案為A。此題考查引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)關(guān)系代詞該如何選擇，但該句以疑問句的形式出現(xiàn)，對學(xué)生引起誤導(dǎo)，認(rèn)為先行詞是this watch.，事實(shí)上，this watch 在句中作主語，如把此句改為陳述句則為：This watch is ___you wish to have repaired.，顯然，此句缺少表語也就缺少先行詞，因此正確答案為A。

反饋練習(xí)：

1.You can hardly imagine what great trouble Ive had ___ the wounded soldier.

A. treat B. treated C. treating D. to treat

2.––What have you ___hydrogen， Mary？ ––- Balloons.

A. have filled with B. had filled with. .C. had filled of D. to have filled

3.Thats the best way you should think of___ the dying soldier.

A . to save B. save C. having saved D. saving

4.More attention should be paid ___good habits of reading carefully.

A. for forming B. to form C. to forming D. in forming

5.To my disappointment， I saw the computer I had ___went wrong again.

A. it repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired

6.Mr Li made up his mind to devote all he could ___ his oral English before going abroad.

A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving

7.The girl___ forward to buying a new diamond ring.

A. referred to look B. refers to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to look

8.Has the boy who was made use of ___realized his mistake？

A. stealing B. stolen C. to steal D. for stealing

9.The war and suffering ___caused made him older than he really was.

A. it B. that C. what D. which

10.We did all___ help the poor children in western regions.

A. we could do B. what we could do C. that we could D. we could to

Keys： 1～5 CBACC 6～10 DCCAD