被動語態用法小結

英語的語態分為主動語態和被動語態。其中被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，當不知道動作的執行者，或沒必要提及動作的執行者，或強調動作的承受者等時，常用被動語態。

一、常考的被動語態的幾種時態

二、含情態動詞的被動語態

被動語態可含有情態動詞，其結構是“情態動詞+be+過去分詞”。如：This turkey must be cooked as soon as possible.Those lanterns should be prepared before the Lantern Festival.Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways， or you might be knocked down.

三、在使用被動語態時，應該注意以下幾個問題：

（1）當動詞look ， smell，sound，feel，taste，prove 等用作系動詞時，不能用于被動語態，但是可以表示被動的意義。如：The flowers in the garden smell sweet.The food there tastes nice.Your idea proved to be wrong.

（2）某些可以和well， easily 等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如open， close， shut， lock， sell， burn， wash， write， read，move， cut等， 如果用來表示主語的屬性、特征，通常用主動語態表示被動含義。如：The door opens easily.The clothes wash well.His novel sells well.

（3）need，want，require作“需要”講，后跟動詞做賓語時，可以用動詞不定式的被動式，也可以用動詞-ing形式的主動式表示被動含義。例：The house needs painting/ to be painted.The flowers want watering/ to be watered every day.

（4）形容詞worth后接動詞-ing形式的主動式表被動含義。如：The movie Dangal（摔跤吧，爸爸）is well worth watching.The book Jane Eyre is well worth reading for a second time.

（5）表示“發生”的一些詞，如happen，occur， break out， come about，take place沒有被動語態。如：Great changes have taken place in our country since 1998.What happened to him last night？How did it come about？They had escaped to America shortly before war broke out in 1939.

（6）有些固定短語在用于被動語態時，作為一個不可分割的整體，不可去掉任何部分。如：The children must be taken good care of.My pet dog was looked after by my neighbor when I was out.The price has been brought down.Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.當短語動詞中有中心名詞，且是動賓關系，也可將這類短語動詞本身的名詞用作主語，構成被動關系。如：More attention should be paid to English.Her eyes were fixed on the paint.

（7）不定式to blame（責備）， to let（出租）用作表語時，通常要用主動表被動。Who is toblame？The driver was to blame for his carelessness.The house is to let.

（8）belong to（屬于）， consist of （由…組成）為常考的兩個不能用被動形式的短語。Diaoyu Island belongs to China.All electronic computers consist of five units although they are of different kinds.（電子計算機雖然種類不同，但它們都是由五個部件組成的。）

四、get+過去分詞

常考的能用于get+過去分詞結構中的詞有：married，divorced， dressed，changed， lost，bored， confused， stuck，hurt，injured， arrested， broken，caught，drowned， drunk，paid等。例：The boy is old enough to get dressed on his own.We were shocked when hearing the news that she got divorced.Don’t play with knives.You might get hurt.Give me a map and I won’t get lost.Many people get annoyed when they get stuck in heavy traffic.

即學即練：用所給動詞的正確形式填空

（1）In the future， more advances in the robot technology______________________（make ）by scientists.

（2）The company believes the products will______________________（sell） well in the run-up to Christmas.

（3）The computer____________________________________________（repair） tomorrow.

（4）They can’t move into the house because it______________________（paint） now.

（5）The story______________________（read） well.

（6）Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future______________________（belong to） the well-educated.

（7）All visitors to this village____________________________________________（treat） with kindness every year.

（8）John got______________________ （promote） last year.