周榮 喻登科
〔摘 要〕[目的/意義]從一個更為系統(tǒng)的視角梳理和評述國內(nèi)外知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究文獻(xiàn),為后來研究者提供參考與啟發(fā)。[方法/過程]通過文獻(xiàn)整理歸納,將知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究分為結(jié)構(gòu)、行為、演化和績效四個方面,并對每一方面的研究成果加以系統(tǒng)整理和述評。[結(jié)果/結(jié)論]目前,知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)成為一個多學(xué)科交叉研究領(lǐng)域。在結(jié)構(gòu)維度,集中在拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和小世界網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的探索,以及對網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)生成機(jī)制的探究;在行為維度,重在知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的知識學(xué)習(xí)、共享、整合、協(xié)同創(chuàng)新等環(huán)節(jié)的機(jī)理與路徑分析;在演化維度,聚焦于演化機(jī)制模型的構(gòu)建與仿真試驗(yàn);在績效維度,著眼于知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)對知識增長、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、組織成長的積極影響等。
〔關(guān)鍵詞〕知識網(wǎng)絡(luò);文獻(xiàn)綜述;結(jié)構(gòu);行為;演化;績效
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2018.04.025
〔中圖分類號〕C931 〔文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼〕A 〔文章編號〕1008-0821(2018)04-0170-07
〔Abstract〕[Purpose/Significance]To card and review the literature of knowledge network from systematical perspective is valuable and insightful for potential researchers.[Method/Process]The knowledge network research was divided into four clusters including structure,behaviour,evolution and performance by literature sorting,and the fruits of every aspect were systematically organized and discussed.[Result/Conclusion]Currently,knowledge network was a interdisciplinary research field.From structure dimension,the research focuses on topological structure,small-world network structure,and structure forming mechanism;from behaviour dimension,the mechanism and paths of knowledge learning,sharing,integrating and innovating were emphatically discussed;from evolution dimension,built models and simulated them to attract much interests;from performance dimension,the impacts of knowledge network on knowledge increased,technology innovation and organization growth were concentrated.
〔Key words〕knowledge network;literature review;structure;behaviour;evolution;performance
知識網(wǎng)絡(luò),是對一種“基于知識的關(guān)系”的描述。知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)概念的提出,可追溯到20世紀(jì)90年代,它被認(rèn)為是組織進(jìn)行知識獲取、存儲、轉(zhuǎn)移和創(chuàng)新的載體與媒介,由此成為知識管理理論的一個重要分支和研究熱點(diǎn)。在知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)中進(jìn)行知識共享、知識整合和知識創(chuàng)造,被認(rèn)為是提高組織知識創(chuàng)新能力與績效的主要活動。已有的大量研究表明,知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)特征和關(guān)系特性等,對組織流轉(zhuǎn)和應(yīng)用知識的能力,甚而對組織、團(tuán)隊(duì)創(chuàng)造性地實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)出績效有著至關(guān)重要的影響。目前,知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論在管理學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域被廣泛應(yīng)用于解釋團(tuán)隊(duì)的結(jié)構(gòu)與行為、企業(yè)組織的跨邊界活動、產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的動態(tài)演化等,在科學(xué)組織的運(yùn)行機(jī)理、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新績效的提升以及核心競爭力培育等方面具有較強(qiáng)的解釋力?!?br>