劉宏
摘 要:中醫(yī)與西醫(yī)是中國(guó)現(xiàn)存的兩種醫(yī)學(xué),正確了解兩種醫(yī)學(xué)的關(guān)系對(duì)醫(yī)生和患者是非常必要的,可以消除對(duì)兩種醫(yī)學(xué),尤其是對(duì)中醫(yī)的誤解。深入了解中醫(yī),必須明確三個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題:①中醫(yī)與西醫(yī)的關(guān)系,不是東方與西方的關(guān)系,而是古代與現(xiàn)代的關(guān)系;②不能把中醫(yī)的藏象與現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)的臟器等同起來(lái);③中醫(yī)學(xué)的診斷是以“證”為單位,現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)的診斷是以“病”為單位。
關(guān)鍵詞:中醫(yī);西醫(yī);辨證;辨病
中圖分類號(hào):R22 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.17.046
文章編號(hào):1006-1959(2018)17-0145-04
Abstract:Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine are two kinds of medicines existing in China.Correct understanding of the relationship between the two medicines is very necessary for doctors and patients,and can eliminate misunderstandings of two kinds of medicines,especially traditional Chinese medicine.To understand traditional Chinese medicine in depth,we must clarify three aspects:①The relationship between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine is not the relationship between the East and the West,but the relationship between ancient and modern;②The traditional Chinese medicine can not be equated with the organs of modern medicine;③The diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine is based on“certificate”,and the diagnosis of modern medicine is based on“disease”.
Key words:Traditional Chinese medicine;Western medicine;Syndrome differentiation;Disease identification
中醫(yī)作為中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化,屬于哲學(xué)范疇,因此,學(xué)習(xí)理解中醫(yī)要用哲學(xué)的方法去理解和研究,即中醫(yī)的整體觀辨證論治。例如,中醫(yī)的脾臟堪稱后天之本,氣血生化之源,是維持生命活動(dòng)的基本物質(zhì)。而現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)有些疾病,比如脾大性貧血嚴(yán)重者需要脾臟摘除,看似是一對(duì)矛盾體,因此筆者想通過(guò)三方面來(lái)探討中醫(yī)理論的特色。
1中醫(yī)與西醫(yī)
中醫(yī)與西醫(yī)的關(guān)系,不是東方與西方的關(guān)系,而是古代與現(xiàn)代的關(guān)系。
西醫(yī)(Western Medicine)一詞在中國(guó)被理解為西方的醫(yī)學(xué),從地理位置來(lái)講,此說(shuō)不無(wú)道理。但從嚴(yán)格的意義上講,西醫(yī)一詞不足以涵蓋自身的本質(zhì)。因?yàn)樾纬蛇@種醫(yī)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)是現(xiàn)代科學(xué),諸如解剖學(xué)、生理學(xué)、病理學(xué)、生物學(xué)、細(xì)胞學(xué)、微生物學(xué)等等。這種醫(yī)學(xué)當(dāng)前已經(jīng)超越了地域的界限,為當(dāng)今世界各國(guó)所普遍應(yīng)用,所以應(yīng)該叫做現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)(Modern Medicine)。
中醫(yī)(Traditional Chinese Medicine)一詞被普遍理解為“傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)”,這是正確的。所謂傳統(tǒng),是指從古代流傳下來(lái)的東西。……