吳春蘭



【摘要】目的:研究惡性腫瘤合并血流感染患者的臨床特征,為臨床治療提供參考。方法:選取2013-2017年本院惡性腫瘤合并血流感染患者221例。分析患者臨床資料、腫瘤類(lèi)型、致病菌及其藥敏結(jié)果、轉(zhuǎn)歸情況。結(jié)果:本組男151例、女70例,死亡36例(16.3%),60歲以上老年人、低蛋白血癥、貧血、TNM中晚期(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)者較多。221例患者中最常見(jiàn)消化道腫瘤,占65.2%。共培養(yǎng)出病原菌237株,革蘭陰性菌149株(62.9%)、革蘭陽(yáng)性菌73株(30.8%)、真菌15株(6.3%)。革蘭陰性菌中大腸埃希菌占比最高(25.7%),對(duì)哌拉西林、氨芐西林、氨芐西林/舒巴坦耐藥率最高(100%);肺炎克雷伯菌占比10.1%,對(duì)氨芐西林、哌拉西林耐藥率較高,分別為100%、95.8%;鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌占比7.2%,對(duì)氨曲南耐藥率最高(52.9%)。革蘭陽(yáng)性菌以表皮葡萄球菌、金黃色葡萄球菌為主,分別占7.6%、6.3%,對(duì)青霉素G耐藥率最高,分別為83.3%、86.7%。真菌中白色念珠菌占比最高(4.2%)。結(jié)論:在惡性腫瘤患者的治療過(guò)程中,應(yīng)減少有創(chuàng)操作,嚴(yán)格無(wú)菌操作,預(yù)防血流感染的發(fā)生;同時(shí)惡性腫瘤患者合并血流感染以革蘭陰性菌為主,臨床應(yīng)合理規(guī)范使用抗生素以提高療效。
【關(guān)鍵詞】惡性腫瘤;血流感染;革蘭陰性菌
Clinical Characteristics of Malignant Tumors Complicated with Bloodstream Infection/WU Chunlan.//Medical Innovation of China,2019,16(27):-172
【Abstract】Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of patients with malignant tumors complicated with bloodstream infection,and to provide reference for clinical treatment.Method:A total of 221 patients with malignant tumors complicated with bloodstream infection in our hospital from 2013 to 2017 were selected.The clinical data,types of tumors,pathogenic bacteria,results of drug sensitivity and prognosis of the patients were analyzed.Result:There were 151 males and 70 females in this group,and 36 cases(16.3%)died.Patients who were over 60 years old or in advanced stage(stage Ⅲ,Ⅳ)or those who developed hypoproteinemia or anemia were more common.Tumors of the digestive system were the most common,accounted for 65.2%.A total of 237 strains of pathogenic bacteria were cultured,149 strains(62.9%)of Gram-negative bacteria,73 strains(30.8%)of Gram-positive bacteria and 15 strains(6.3%)of fungi.Escherichia coli accounted for the highest proportion of Gram-negative bacteria(25.7%)and the highest resistance rates to Piperacillin,Ampicillin and Ampicillin/Sulbactam(100%),Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 10.1%,the resistance rates to Ampicillin and Piperacillin were 100% and 95.8% respectively,Acinetobacter baumannii accounted for 7.2%,and the drug resistance rate to Aztreonam was the highest(52.9%).Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were the main Gram-positive bacteria,accounting for 7.6% and 6.3% respectively,the resistance rate to penicillin G was the highest,83.3% and 86.7% respectively.Candida albicans accounted for the highest proportion of fungi(4.2%).Conclusion:In the treatment of malignant tumors,we should reduce invasive operation,strictly aseptic operation and prevent the occurrence of bloodstream infection,at the same time,Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens of bloodstream infection in malignant tumors,so antibiotics should be used reasonably and regularly in clinic to improve the curative effect.
本研究革蘭陰性菌中,大腸埃希菌對(duì)哌拉西林/他唑巴坦鈉、碳青霉烯類(lèi)(亞胺培南、美羅培南)耐藥率最低(13.1%),肺炎克雷伯菌對(duì)哌拉西林/他唑巴坦鈉、碳青霉烯類(lèi)(亞胺培南、美羅培南)均敏感,鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌對(duì)阿米卡星耐藥率最低(5.9%)。革蘭陽(yáng)性菌以表皮葡萄球菌、金黃色葡萄球菌為主,對(duì)青霉素G、苯唑西林等常用抗菌藥物的耐藥率均高于50.0%,對(duì)萬(wàn)古霉素、利奈唑胺均敏感,與其他報(bào)道一致[10-12],提示血流感染中表皮葡萄球菌與金黃色葡萄球菌對(duì)常用的抗菌藥物耐藥率較高,與其具有耐藥基因、β-內(nèi)酰胺酶、主動(dòng)外排系統(tǒng)、DNA旋轉(zhuǎn)酶靶位改變和產(chǎn)生生物膜、合成青霉素結(jié)合蛋白等耐藥機(jī)制相關(guān)[11-15],臨床上可根據(jù)以上藥敏選擇抗生素。本研究中真菌構(gòu)成比為6.3%,以白色念珠菌為主,與文獻(xiàn)[16-17]報(bào)道一致。白色念珠菌的感染多為內(nèi)源性感染,白念珠菌性血流感染較多發(fā)生在胃腸道腫瘤患者中,腫瘤患者在接受各種有創(chuàng)治療后,胃腸道黏膜極其脆弱,容易使定植菌移位入血造成感染[18-20];合并真菌感染后死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高[5,17],臨床上抗真菌治療時(shí),應(yīng)重點(diǎn)覆蓋白色念珠菌。
綜上所述,惡性腫瘤合并血流感染病死率高,在臨床工作中,應(yīng)充分評(píng)估留置導(dǎo)管的必要性,盡量減少創(chuàng)傷性操作,同時(shí)應(yīng)注意嚴(yán)格無(wú)菌操作,縮短中心靜脈導(dǎo)管留置時(shí)間,避免導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性感染的發(fā)生;另一方面,早期多次進(jìn)行血培養(yǎng),盡早獲得病原菌及藥敏結(jié)果,在經(jīng)驗(yàn)性抗感染治療,應(yīng)著重覆蓋如大腸埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌等革蘭陰性菌,再根據(jù)藥敏結(jié)果重新評(píng)估與調(diào)整用藥,以提高治療效果,改善預(yù)后。
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(收稿日期:2019-07-11)(本文編輯:董悅)
中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2019年27期