張守都 李友訓 姜勇 田敬云 劉學慶 趙喜喜 馬健 蘇文 胡建廷
摘要:海水養殖業是我國最重要的海洋支柱產業之一,在國民蛋白質供給、糧食安全保障和帶動沿海經濟社會發展等方面具有重要地位。發展現代海水養殖業是構建現代海洋產業技術體系,落實海洋強國戰略的重要舉措和有效途徑。文章通過梳理世界海水養殖業發展軌跡,分析國外發達國家海水養殖業的產業發展現狀和經驗,厘清制約我國海水養殖業健康可持續發展的關鍵問題,提出了在當前建設海洋強國背景下推動我國海水養殖產業快速轉型升級的路徑對策建議,即加強產業頂層規劃設計、構建完善法律法規體系、培育現代海洋種業、持續推動養殖模式升級和實施品牌化戰略,提升產品附加值等。
關鍵詞:海洋強國;海水養殖;轉型升級;可持續發展;路徑分析
中圖分類號:P74;F326.4文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1005-9857(2021)11-0018-09
Pathway Analysis for Developing Modern Mariculture Under the Background of Oceanic Great Power Strategy
ZHANG Shoudu ,LI Youxun,JIANG Yong,TIAN Jingyun,LIU Xueqing, ZHAO Xixi,MA Jian,SU Wen,HU Jianting
(Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province(National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao 266072,China)
Abstract:Mariculture,which is one of the most important marine pillar industries of China, plays an important role in national protein supply, food security and promoting economic and social de-velopment of coastal areas. Also, developing modern mariculture is an important measure and ef-fective way to build modern marine industry technology system and even implement the strategy of Oceanic Great Power. In this paper, the trajectory of the world's mariculture industry was clar-ified, the current situation and experience of themariculture industry of developed countries was analyzed, and the key problems which restricted the healthy and sustainable development of China's future mariculture industry were listed.At last, the pathway to promote the structural transformation and updating of China's mariculttare was analyzed, the countermeasures and sug-gestions under the background of Oceanic Great Power strategy were proposed, including strengthening the top-level planning and design of the industry, building and improving the sys-tem of laws and regulations, cultivating the modern marine seed industry, continuously promo-ting the upgrading of mariculture model, implementing the brand strategy, and improving the added value of products.
Keywords:Oceanic Great Power,Mariculture,Structural transformation and upgrade, Sustainable development,Pathway analysis
0引言
人類在3000多年前就已經有海水養殖的記載,海水養殖和海洋捕撈共同構成了當今海洋漁業的主要內容。近現代以來,隨著繁育、養殖理論和技術的進步,海水養殖種類、面積和單產量都不斷提高,海水養殖總產量也穩步提升,向人類社會提供了舉足輕重的優質蛋白質,為世界經濟社會健康發展做出了突出貢獻[1]。從20世紀90年代以來,作為重要水產品來源之一的海水捕撈業產量出現波動并長期增長乏力,海水養殖業被視為“能為全球食品安全和經濟增長產生持續利益”的重要突破方向[2],是未來確保人類蛋白質供應和拓展食物來源的不可替代的途徑。……