祖亮 楊棟云 高楊 應希慧 趙中偉



[關鍵詞] 大肝癌;經肝動脈化療栓塞術;局部熱消融;療效;危險因素
[中圖分類號] R735.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2021)18-0100-04
Effect and influencing factors of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with local thermal ablation in treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma
ZU Liang1? ?YANG Dongyun2? ?GAO Yang1? ?YING Xihui1? ?ZHAO Zhongwei1
1.Department of Radiology,Lishui Municipal Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Lishui? ?323000, China; 2.Department of Ultrasonography, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Lishui? ?323000, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with local thermal ablation in the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to analyze the risk factors affecting the efficacy. Methods Ninety patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma treated in our hospital form January 2017 to December 2019 were selected as research subjects, and retrospective analysis was performed. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with local thermal ablation was given to all patients. The short-term efficacy was evaluated and the objective response rate was calculated. The patients were divided into the objective response group and the control group (not achieving the objective response) according to the short-term efficacy. The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors affecting the efficacy of transhepatic arterial chemoembolization combined with local thermal ablation in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results After transhepatic arterial chemoembolization combined with local thermal ablation, among the 90 patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma, 47 patients achieved objective response, and 43 patients didn′t achieve objective response, with the objective response rate of 52.22%. In the univariate analysis, there were statistically significant differences in the tumor diameter, tumor number, tumor clinical stage, preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level, and portal vein tumor thrombus between the objective response group and the control group(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender and body mass index between the objective response group and the control group(P>0.05). According to the multivariate Logistic regression analysis, tumor diameter ≥7 cm, tumor number ≥2, tumor clinical stage Ⅲ-IV, preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level ≥200 μg/L, and portal vein tumor thrombus were risk factors affecting the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with local thermal ablation in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with local thermal ablation has a certain efficacy in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma,but the efficacy is affected by tumor diameter, tumor number, tumor clinical stage,preoperative alpha fetoprotein level, portal vein tumor thrombus and other factors,so it is necessary to implement corresponding intervention according to the above risk factors.
[Key words] Large hepatocellular carcinoma; Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; Local thermal ablation; Efficacy; Risk factors
肝癌作為一種常見的惡性腫瘤,發病率極高,其發病率在我國惡性腫瘤中居于第4位,且具有較高的死亡風險,患者的生命健康受到嚴重威脅[1-3]。經肝動脈化療栓塞術、局部熱消融是臨床治療肝癌的主要方法,均屬于介入治療[4],但由于大肝癌作為腫瘤直徑達到5 cm的肝癌,其治療難度大[5],采用肝動脈化療栓塞術、局部熱消融治療后部分患者的近期療效欠佳,還需對其療效影響因素進行明確,以進一步提高大肝癌患者的近期療效。本研究針對90例經肝動脈化療栓塞術聯合局部熱消融治療的大肝癌患者進行回顧性研究,以探討經肝動脈化療栓塞術聯合局部熱消融治療大肝癌的療效,明確影響其療效的危險因素,現報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2017年1月至2019年12月我院收診的90例大肝癌患者作為研究對象,患者年齡30~79歲,年齡≥60歲者39例,年齡<60歲者51例;男49例,女41例;身體質量指數(BMI)≥25 kg/m2 23例,<25 kg/m2 67例;23例患者伴門靜脈癌栓。
納入標準[6]:①經影像學檢查、臨床癥狀觀察、手術病理診斷,腫瘤直徑≥5 cm,確診為大肝癌者;②具備經肝動脈化療栓塞術、局部熱消融指征者;③術前對手術方案知情同意,簽署知情同意協議;④臨床資料保存完整,無缺失者。
排除標準[7]:①合并全身嚴重感染者;②合并其他惡性腫瘤者;③既往有肝切除術、肝移植術、肝動脈化療栓塞術、消融治療等治療史者;④存在精神障礙者;⑤臨床資料欠缺完整性者。
1.2? 方法
所有患者均接受經肝動脈化療栓塞術聯合局部熱消融治療,患者采取仰臥位,經右側股動脈穿刺置管,將導管置入肝臟腫瘤供血靶動脈,注入造影劑,明確肝臟腫瘤位置,再經導管將明膠海綿顆粒栓塞劑、碘化油乳劑注入至肝動脈,對肝動脈進行栓塞;經肝動脈化療栓塞術后1周實施局部熱消融治療,患者采取仰臥位,局部浸潤麻醉,在超聲或CT引導下穿刺,置入消融針至肝癌病灶中央區,設定好消融電壓和時間,再開始局部消融。
1.3 觀察指標及評價標準
治療后,評價近期療效,統計客觀緩解率,客觀緩解率=(完全緩解例數+部分緩解例數)/總例數×100%,具體評價標準為:完全緩解(CR):肝臟腫瘤病灶消失,無新病灶出現;部分緩解(PR):肝臟腫瘤病灶面積減小幅度≥30%,無新病灶出現;穩定(SD):肝臟腫瘤病灶面積減小幅度<30%或增大幅度<20%;進展(PD):肝臟腫瘤病灶面積增大幅度≥20%,出現新病灶[8]。
根據患者近期療效將其分為客觀緩解組、對照組(SD+PD),比較兩組的臨床資料,對影響大肝癌患者經肝動脈化療栓塞術聯合局部熱消融療效的危險因素進行單因素分析、多因素Logistic回歸分析,分析指標包括年齡(≥60歲或<60歲)、性別(男或女)、BMI(≥25 kg/m2或<25 kg/m2)、腫瘤直徑(≥7 cm或<7 cm)、腫瘤數目(≥2個或<2個)、腫瘤臨床分期(Ⅰ~Ⅱ期或Ⅲ~Ⅳ期)、術前甲胎蛋白水平(≥200 μg/L或<200 μg/L)、門靜脈癌栓(有或無)。
1.4? 統計學方法
應用SPSS 26.0統計學軟件處理數據,計量資料用(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗,計數資料用[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義;將單因素分析中數據資料整理成計數資料形式,實施χ2檢驗,P<0.05時為差異有統計學意義,將單因素分析中統計學結果為P<0.05的變量納入多因素Logistic回歸模型中,賦值,分析,以α=0.05為檢驗水準。
2 結果
2.1 大肝癌患者經肝動脈化療栓塞術聯合局部熱消融治療的療效
經肝動脈化療栓塞術聯合局部熱消融治療后,90例大肝癌患者中有47例患者客觀緩解(19例完全緩解、28例部分緩解),其余43例未達到客觀緩解(30例穩定、13例進展),客觀緩解率為52.22%。
2.2 大肝癌患者經肝動脈化療栓塞術聯合局部熱消融治療療效的危險因素分析
2.2.1 單因素分析? 在單因素分析中,客觀緩解組與對照組的腫瘤直徑、腫瘤數目、腫瘤臨床分期、術前甲胎蛋白水平、門靜脈癌栓比較,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05),而兩組的年齡、性別、體質量指數比較,差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
2.2.2 多因素Logistic回顧分析? 將單因素分析中P<0.05的變量錄入至多因素Logistic回歸模型中進行賦值,賦值結果見表2;經多因素Logistic回歸分析發現,腫瘤直徑≥7 cm、腫瘤數目≥2個、腫瘤臨床分期Ⅲ~IV期、術前甲胎蛋白≥200 μg/L、伴有門靜脈癌栓是影響大肝癌患者經肝動脈化療栓塞術聯合局部熱消融治療效果的危險因素。見表3。
3 討論
原發性肝癌是我國最為常見的惡性腫瘤之一,具有高發病率和高死亡率,患者發病后存在肝區疼痛等癥狀[9]。原發性肝癌患者早期階段的腫瘤惡性程度低,隨著病情進展,其腫瘤體積逐漸增大,逐漸侵襲周圍組織,嚴重危害患者的生命安全[10]。大肝癌是指腫瘤直徑≥5 cm的肝癌類型,其腫瘤體積較大,預后較差[11-12],需實施積極治療。
近年來,肝動脈化療栓塞術、局部熱消融在原發性肝癌治療中取得一定的效果。肝動脈化療栓塞術屬于介入治療,主要是通過穿刺置管,經導管將明膠海綿顆粒、碘化油注入至肝動脈,對肝動脈進行栓塞,可阻斷肝動脈對肝臟腫瘤的血供,促使肝臟腫瘤逐漸萎縮,發揮縮小腫瘤體積、延緩腫瘤進展的作用[13-15]。局部熱消融也屬于介入治療手段,主要是利用微波或射頻電流對肝臟腫瘤進行振蕩,利用振蕩作用摩擦生熱,而腫瘤組織對熱的耐受性不及正常組織,當溫度達到一定程度時,腫瘤組織可逐漸消融,癌細胞內部線粒體和溶酶體遭到破壞,癌細胞逐漸凋亡,從而發揮抗癌作用[16-18]。本研究中,經肝動脈化療栓塞術聯合局部熱消融治療后,90例大肝癌患者中有47例患者客觀緩解,客觀緩解率為52.22%,說明肝動脈化療栓塞術+局部熱消融可在大肝癌患者中發揮良好抗癌作用,延緩腫瘤進展,但部分患者近期療效不夠理想,有待提高。
明確影響療效的危險因素是提高療效的關鍵,本研究針對經肝動脈化療栓塞術聯合局部熱消融治療后不同療效的大肝癌患者進行回顧性研究,經單因素分析、多因素Logistic回歸分析后發現,腫瘤直徑≥7 cm、腫瘤數目≥2個、腫瘤臨床分期Ⅲ~IV期、術前甲胎蛋白≥200 μg/L、伴有門靜脈癌栓是影響大肝癌患者經肝動脈化療栓塞術聯合局部熱消融治療效果的危險因素,作用機制如下:①腫瘤直徑、腫瘤數目、腫瘤臨床分期、甲胎蛋白水平均反映了肝癌患者腫瘤進展情況,而腫瘤直徑≥7 cm、腫瘤數目≥2個、腫瘤臨床分期Ⅲ~IV期、術前甲胎蛋白≥200 μg/L的大肝癌患者其病情更加嚴重,采用肝動脈化療栓塞術+局部熱消融治療易存在腫瘤殘留、不完全消融等情況,影響其療效;②門靜脈癌栓是原發性肝癌患者的常見并發癥,原發性肝癌患者并發門靜脈癌栓后其病情加重,其腫瘤進展加快,生存期限縮短,這類患者經介入治療后的預后相對較差[19-22]。
綜上所述,經肝動脈化療栓塞術聯合局部熱消融在大肝癌中具有一定的治療效果,但患者療效受到腫瘤直徑、腫瘤數目、腫瘤臨床分期、術前甲胎蛋白水平、門靜脈癌栓等因素的影響,臨床上需根據上述危險因素實施相應干預。
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(收稿日期:2020-08-13)