劉林 王玲 湯善宏



摘要:目的探討單核細胞與高密度脂蛋白膽固醇比值(MHR)對HBV相關慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)患者短期預后的預測價值。方法納入西部戰區總醫院消化內科2015年1月1日—2021年12月31日住院HBV-ACLF患者131例,根據入院后90 d預后分為生存組(n=87)與死亡組(n=44)。回顧性分析患者的年齡、性別、BMI及入院后24 h內患者血常規、生化及凝血功能,并計算單核細胞與淋巴細胞比值(MLR)、MHR及MELD評分。正態分布的計量資料2組間比較使用成組t檢驗;非正態分布的計量資料2組間比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗;計數資料2組間比較采用χ2檢驗。采用二元Logistic回歸分析各因素與HBV-ACLF短期預后的關系,繪制受試者工作特征曲線(ROC曲線)評價 MHR對于 HBV-ACLF 患者短期預后的預測價值;通過Kaplan-Meier法分析高MHR 組與低 MHR 組患者短期死亡情況。結果兩組患者在年齡、BMI、WBC、中性粒細胞計數、淋巴細胞計數、單核細胞計數、AFP、Na+、TBil、INR、TG、MLR、MHR及MELD評分之間比較,差異均有統計學意義(P值均<0.05)。二元Logistic回歸分析發現,年齡、BMI、Na+、TG、MLR、MHR、MELD評分為HBV-ACLF短期預后的獨立危險因素(P值均<0.05)。MHR預測HBV-ACLF患者90 d生存率的曲線下面積為0.627(95%CI:0.522~0.732,P=0.018),MHR最佳截斷值為2.472,其敏感度為0.591,特異度為0.690。Kaplan-Meier生存分析發現,高MHR組(MHR≥2.472)90 d生存率明顯低于對應的低MHR組(MHR<2.472)(P=0.001)。結論在排除嚴重心血管疾病情況下,MHR可作為HBV-ACLF短期預后的臨床預測指標,需擴大樣本量進一步評估其預測價值。
關鍵詞:單核細胞; 高密度脂蛋白膽固醇; 乙型肝炎病毒; 慢加急性肝衰竭; 預后
基金項目:四川省衛生健康委員會科研課題(20PJ180)
Value of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in predicting the short-term prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
LIU Lin WANG Ling TANG Shanhong(1. Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China)
Corresponding author:TANG Shanhong, shanhongtang@163.com (ORCID:0000-0001-6652-2942)Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the value of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) in predicting the short-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). MethodsA total of 131 patients with HBV-ACLF who were hospitalized in Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021 were enrolled in this study, and according to the prognosis on day 90 after admission, they were divided into survival group with 87 patients and death group with 44 patients. A retrospective analysis was performed for the data on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and the results of blood routine test, biochemical parameters, and coagulation function within 24 hours after admission, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), MHR, and MELD score were calculated. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between each factor and the short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the value of MHR in predicting short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients; the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the short-term death of patients in the high MHR group and the low MHR group. ResultsThere were significant differences between the two groups in age, body mass index (BMI), white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, alpha-fetoprotein, Na+, total bilirubin, international normalized ratio, triglyceride (TG), MLR, MHR, and MELD score (all P<0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI, Na+, TG, MLR, MHR, and MELD score were independent risk factors for the short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF (all P<0.05). MHR had an area under the ROC curve of 0.627 (95% confidence interval: 0.522-0.732, P=0.018) in predicting the 90-day survival rate of HBV-ACLF patients, with a sensitivity of 0.591 and a specificity of 0.690 at the optimal cut-off value of 2.472. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the high MHR group (MHR≥2.472) had a significantly lower 90-day survival rate than the low MHR group (MHR<2.472)(P=0.001). ConclusionAfter severe cardiovascular disease is excluded, MHR can be used as a clinical predictive factor for the short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF, and studies with a larger sample size are needed to further investigate its predictive value.
Key words:Monocytes; High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; Hepatitis B Virus; Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure; PrognosisResearch funding:Scientific
Research Project of Sichuan Provincial Health Commission (20PJ180)
慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)是指在慢性肝病基礎上,各種誘因引起以急性黃疸加深、凝血功能障礙為肝衰竭表現的臨床綜合征,可合并包括多種并發癥以及肝外器官功能衰竭[1],在我國ACLF患者多以HBV感染為主[2]。雖然在過去的幾十年里,世界不同地區對ACLF提出了不同的定義[3],但ACLF高達73%的病死率仍不容忽視[4]。本課題組[5]總結發現,全身炎癥反應在ACLF患者臨床預后中發揮重要作用。歐洲的一項前瞻性隊列PREDICT研究[6]認為,炎癥反應影響ACLF患者臨床轉歸,其中感染是驅動炎癥反應的重要因素,約35%的ACLF病例是由感染引起[4,7]。在HBV-ACLF患者中HBV直接破壞肝細胞,合并感染,導致損傷相關分子模式和病原體相關分子模式進一步加重全身炎癥反應,肝損傷更重[5,8]。前期研究[9]發現,單核細胞與淋巴細胞比值(monocyte to lymphocyte ratio,MLR)可作為評估HBV-ACLF患者炎癥反應程度及預后的潛在臨床指標,MLR越高提示更高的病死率。而單核細胞與高密度脂蛋白膽固醇比值(monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,MHR)作為一項新型炎癥標志物,已有較多學者[10]發現其與心血管疾病、肺栓塞、糖尿病等疾病預后密切相關。在肝病領域,我國多位學者[11-12]研究發現,較高的MHR與非酒精性脂肪性肝病的發生風險增加有關。然而,目前MHR與HBV-ACLF之間的關系卻缺乏相關報道。對此,本文就本中心HBV-ACLF患者臨床數據展開回顧性研究,旨在探討MHR對HBV-ACLF短期預后的預測價值。
1資料與方法
1.1研究對象納入西部戰區總醫院消化內科2015年1月1日—2021年12月31日住院HBV-ACLF患者共131例。住院期間所有患者均予以抗病毒、保肝、補充白蛋白及血漿等綜合治療。通過門診、住院病歷及電話聯系以隨訪患者入院后90 d的生存情況,分為生存組(n=87)與死亡組(n=44)。
1.2納入標準慢性乙型肝炎的診斷符合《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2019年版)》[13]、肝衰竭的診斷符合《肝衰竭診治指南(2018年版)》[1]。
1.3排除標準(1)年齡<18歲或>80歲;(2)妊娠或哺乳期婦女;(3)合并遺傳代謝性肝病及其他肝病;(4)合并高脂血癥、高膽固醇血癥、冠心病等嚴重心血管疾病等;(5)服用他汀類、貝特類、糖皮質激素及膽酸螯合劑等藥物者;(6)合并自身免疫性疾病、肝癌或其他惡性腫瘤等;(7)肝移植及肝臟手術病史。
1.4研究方法回顧性分析患者一般資料及實驗室檢測指標,一般資料包括:年齡、性別、BMI;實驗室檢測指標包括:入院24 h內患者血常規、生化檢驗及凝血功能(WBC、淋巴細胞計數、單核細胞計數、中性粒細胞計數、PLT、AFP、Na+、SCr、ALT、AST、TBil、Alb、INR、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C),并計算MLR、MHR及MELD評分。MELD評分=3.8×ln[TBil (mg/dL)]+11.2×ln(INR)+9.6×ln[肌酐(mg/dL)]+6.4×病因(膽汁淤積性或酒精性肝硬化為0,病毒等其他病因肝硬化為1)。
1.5統計學方法采用SPSS 26.0統計軟件對數據進行處理。符合正態分布的計量資料用x±s表示,2組間比較采用成組t檢驗;非正態分布的計量資料以M(P25~P75)表示,2組間比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗。計數資料2組間比較采用χ2檢驗。采用二元Logistic回歸分析各因素與HBV-ACLF短期預后的關系,繪制受試者工作特征曲線(ROC曲線)評價 MHR對于 HBV-ACLF 患者短期預后的預測價值;通過Kaplan-Meier法分析高MHR組與低MHR組患者短期死亡情況。P<0.05為差異具有統計學意義。
2結果
2.1一般資料共入組HBV-ACLF患者131例。生存組87例,死亡組44例,兩組患者年齡、BMI、WBC、中性粒細胞計數、淋巴細胞計數、單核細胞計數、AFP、Na+、TBil、INR、TG、MLR、MHR及MELD評分比較,差異均有統計學意義(P值均<0.05)(表1)。
2.2影響HBV-ACLF短期預后的多因素分析單因素分析有統計學意義指標,在排除指標之間共線性及校正其他因素后,篩選出年齡、BMI、中性粒細胞計數、AFP、Na+、TG、MLR、MHR及MELD評分納入二元Logistic回歸分析發現,年齡、BMI、Na+、TG、MLR、MHR、MELD評分為HBV-ACLF短期預后的獨立影響因素(P值均<0.05)(表2)。
2.3MHR、MLR及MELD評分對HBV-ACLF患者短期預后的評估價值ROC曲線顯示,MHR、MLR以及MELD評分預測HBV-ACLF患者90 d生存率的
3討論
ACLF是一種嚴重且復雜的臨床綜合征,具有嚴重的肝損傷、較高的發病率及短期病死率的臨床特點[14],及時有效預測及治療對降低ACLF病死率具有重要意義。其中,MELD評分及其相關衍生評分(MELD-Na、iMELD)、CTP評分、慢性肝衰竭聯盟-序貫器官衰竭評分(CLIF-SOFA)等,已被廣泛用于預測MELD的預后及肝移植的患者選擇[14],由于計算這些評分需要大量參數,且計算方法較為復雜,無法提供快速的患者評估[15]。因此,積極探索客觀、準確、重復性好的早期預測ACLF患者臨床轉歸的臨床指標顯得尤為重要。
MHR是一種損傷與保護機制并存的新型炎癥標志物,許多研究已將MHR作為評估全身性疾病炎癥和氧化應激的預后標志物。首先,單核細胞是免疫細胞的重要組成部分[16],單核細胞及其分化的巨噬細胞通過釋放多種細胞因子在炎癥和機體免疫反應中發揮促炎作用。ACLF嚴重的炎癥反應可以觸發單核細胞從骨髓釋放到外周血,并促使外周單核細胞分化為組織巨噬細胞[17],肝內浸潤性單核細胞是先天性免疫反應的重要組成部分,而在HBV感染的肝病病理性壓力下,血液中單核細胞不斷補充肝臟Kupffer細胞,Kupffer細胞通過釋放多種炎癥因子,包括TNF-α、IL-1b、IL-6和IL-8來維持肝臟及全身炎癥[18-19]。再次,HDL-C作為肝臟合成重要脂蛋白,因其能逆向轉運膽固醇、抗炎、抗氧化等作用,在心血管疾病中被廣泛探討,同時,HDL-C也具有抑制單核細胞激活與分化,從而抑制炎癥反應的作用[20-21]。Trieb等[22]發現,TC及所有與HDL相關的生物標志物 (HDL-C、HDL2-C、HDL3-C、載脂蛋白A~I等)均與WBC、CRP、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α呈顯著負相關,具有積極抗炎作用。同時,也發現HDL-C是ACLF患者疾病進展和生存的有力預測指標。肝臟是血脂代謝的重要調節器官,它參與包括脂蛋白在內的合成、運輸及代謝功能[23]。研究[24-25]發現,疾病因素(如:HBV感染)可通過影響肝功能來干擾脂質代謝,輕至重度的肝損傷,可能會直接或間接影響血漿中這些脂質的水平。ACLF患者肝損傷嚴重,影響血漿中HDL-C水平,導致HDL-C水平降低,而HDL-C降低又加重肝損傷[26]。因此,MHR作為結合炎癥及抗炎雙重機制的臨床指標,在評估ACLF患者炎癥反應水平及其預后方面具有潛在研究價值。前期本課題組研究[9]發現,MLR作為一種炎癥標志物,其對HBV-ACLF短期預后的評估具有重要預測價值。本次研究再次論證發現,較高MLR水平提示較差的臨床預后。同時本研究結果發現,MHR、MLR及MELD評分是影響HBV-ACLF短期預后的獨立危險因素,能有效預測HBV-ACLF患者短期預后。通過ROC曲線分析發現,MHR(AUC=0.627,P=0.018)、MELD評分(AUC=0.712,P<0.001)和MLR(AUC=0.713,P<0.001)均具有較好的預測效能。同時,相比于MELD評分,MHR計算更加簡便,臨床易獲取。因此,MHR對HBV-ACLF患者的臨床轉歸具有潛在預測價值。
本研究發現,年齡、BMI、血清Na+是影響HBV-ACLF患者臨床預后的獨立影響因素,這與本課題組前期研究結論一致[9,27-28]。同時,生存組AFP水平相比死亡組高(P=0.010)。本課題組前期研究[29]發現,AFP可作為預測HBV-ACLF短期預后的血清標志物,高AFP水平往往提示更好的預后。同時,對HBV-ACLF患者人工肝血漿置換術后30、90及180 d的預后分析[30]發現,生存組AFP水平顯著高于死亡組。因此,本課題組認為在排除肝癌及生殖系腫瘤后,AFP可作為評估肝臟再生能力的血清學指標。對此,本課題組將繼續積極探索AFP在肝病中潛在臨床價值。
綜上所述,MHR可作為HBV-ACLF短期預后判斷的潛在臨床預測指標。然而,本項研究仍存在一定的局限性。本研究為單中心、回顧性觀察性研究,因前期尚有相當部分患者因血脂指標缺失導致入組樣本量較少。因此,本中心將積極開展前瞻性、大樣本、多中心的臨床研究,以期進一步探討MHR在HBV-ACLF患者臨床轉歸中的預測價值。
倫理學聲明:本研究方案于2020年7月9日由西部戰區總醫院倫理委員會審批,批號:2020ky005。利益沖突聲明:本文不存在任何利益沖突。作者貢獻聲明:劉林負責研究設計、數據收集與論文撰寫;王玲參與數據收集及分析;湯善宏負責擬定研究思路及文章關鍵內容修改。
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收稿日期:2022-11-19;錄用日期:2022-12-25
本文編輯:王瑩
引證本文:LIU L, WANG L, TANG SH. Value of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in predicting the short-term prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2023, 39(8): 1841-1847.