崔海玲
摘 要 2014年2月底,最新出版發行的《2014年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試大綱的說明》中明確指出了:2014年將取消延續數十載的傳統單項選擇類題型,新加入了語言知識運用的第二節,俗稱“語法填空”題型。這一題型的出現改變了以往用單項填空題來考查語法的形式,代之以在短文或者在以具體生活情境為內容的對話中考查語法的靈活運用。其“突出語篇,強調運用”的命題思路,與《課程標準》所提出的英語課程性質也完全吻合。對于2014年參加高考的考生來說,這種題型的改變無疑是一個巨大的挑戰,但毋庸焦慮,只要考生盡快轉變態度,了解語法填空題的特點和解題技巧,便可在高考中迎刃而解。
關鍵詞 語法填空題 特點 技巧
中圖分類號:G424 文獻標識碼:A
Interpretation of College Entrance Examination English New
Questions - Text-based Grammar Filling in the Blank
CUI Hailing
(Qinhuangdao New Century Senior High School, Qinhuangdao, Shandong 066000)
Abstract By the end of February 2014, the latest issue of the publication "2014 unified national college entrance exam outline description" clearly pointed out: 2014 will be a continuation of decades of tradition canceled class individual choice questions, new entrants to the use of language knowledge the second section, called "grammar fill in the blank" questions. The kinds of questions has changed in the past used to examine a single fill-in the form of grammar, essay or replaced in order to examine the contents of a specific life situations to utilize dialogue grammar. Its "outstanding discourse, emphasizing the use of" proposition ideas, and "curriculum standards" nature of the proposed English courses are also fully consistent. For 2014 to participate in the exam, changing this type of exercise is undoubtedly a huge challenge, but needless anxiety, just a change of attitude as soon as possible candidates to understand the syntax of fill-in features and problem-solving skills, can be solved in the entrance examination.
Key words grammar filling in the blank; characteristics; skills
1 語法填空題的特點
(1)語法填空題選材貼近學生生活,以記敘文和夾敘夾議的文章居多,題材多為考生熟悉的話題。
(2)語法填空題的考查方式:純空格題和提示性填空題。
(3)語法填空題的考點和考查內容是:在一篇200詞左右的語言材料中(對話或短文)留出10個空白,部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式,要求考生根據上下文填寫空白處所需的內容(不多于3個單詞)或所提供單詞的正確形式。
在考試說明的樣題中給出提示詞的空共有4個,其余填空是結合上下文直接填詞,這要求考生既要掌握熟練的語法知識,還要有一定的語言閱讀能力。從單選題那種單獨句子中的單獨的語法考查,到短文中的語法實際應用,此次題型轉變得更加靈活,對考生的詞匯量,語篇的語感,句子成分的分析提出了新的要求。由單句的小語境考查到語篇或對話的大語境考查,顯然這是考查方式和內容的一大創新。
純空格題:通常考查虛詞,包括冠詞、介詞、代詞和連詞等四類詞。
提示性填空題:通常考查實詞,包括謂語動詞的時態和語態、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級、詞性轉換等。
2 語法填空題的答題技巧
解答語篇型語法填空題,考生需要具有全局觀,首先掌握文章的內容和主題,即文章的大語境,然后合理地運用所學語法及詞匯知識進行解題。
技巧點撥(1)
The sun was setting when my car (break) down near a remote and poor village.
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he (find ) that he had run out of salt. (2013廣東高考真題)
技巧小結(1):在英語中,不管是主句還是從句,一個主謂結構中通常只能有一個謂語,若主句或從句中沒有謂語動詞 ,需填的詞應是謂語動詞,謂語動詞主要考查時態和語態,其時態和語態要瞻前顧后。
技巧點撥(2)
All able-bodied young men took up arms and (fight) against the invaders.
Mothers of disabled athletes from different Asian countries and regions entered the stadium, (sing) and cheered for their children as the athletes walked into the stadium.
技巧小結(2):句中已有謂語動詞,但所需填的詞與句中已存在的謂語主語一致,并且中間有并列連詞連接時,需填的詞應是并列謂語。時態和語態要瞻前顧后。
技巧點撥(3)
With a lot of papers (type), he has no time to watch TV.
The headmaster went into the lab, (follow) by the foreign guests.
He suddenly appeared in class one day, (wear) sun glasses. (2012廣東高考真題 )
技巧小結(3):
若句中已有謂語動詞,又沒有并列連詞與已給出的動詞構成并列關系時,所給動詞要用非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定是用to do形式, doing 形式,還是done形式。 to do表示將來和目的;doing表示主動和進行;done 表示被動和完成。
技巧點撥(4)
First of all, in class you must be (actively).
In a (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…
Teachers must try their best to make most of their students (interest) in the subject.
技巧小結(4):作表語、定語或補語,通常用形容詞形式。
技巧點撥(5)
“But such a small thing couldnt (possible) destroy a village.” (2013廣東高考真題 )
He must be (mental) disabled. (2011廣東高考真題)
(actual) there are many stars staying in the universe.
技巧小結(5):修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,或整個句子,作狀語,用副詞形式。
技巧點撥(6)
The teacher replied," You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be (sweet). " (2010廣東高考真題 )
The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even (hard) and finally made himself out.
Without trees it would be (possible) to build houses, boats bridges and so on.
技巧小結(6):形容詞或副詞,有可能是考查其比較等級,或者是根據句子意思及前后邏輯關系等在詞根基礎上加前綴或后綴,構成反義詞。
技巧點撥(7)
Little children enjoy (watch) the program.
These people have made great (contribute) to China with their work.
As is known, running is good for (healthy),
Far from the (true), our dog loved everyone. She never frightened people.
(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…
技巧小結(7):作主語、在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語,或在形容詞性物主代詞后和在“冠詞(+形容詞)后,用名詞或者動名詞形式。
技巧點撥(8)
Nicks guests, had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. (2013廣東高考真題)
The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do. (2012廣東高考真題)
My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me the bus arrived.(2011廣東高考真題 )
技巧小結(8):句中無提示詞,兩個主謂結構連接 ,考查的是各類復合句中連詞、引導詞的用法 。我們需要分析結構,根據句子意義和邏輯關系,確定具體的連接詞。學會分析句子結構,區分各種復合句,包括狀語從句、定語從句和名詞性從句,掌握相應復合句的引導詞用法。英語中有個公式:n個句子必有n-1個連詞,其中沒有連詞的那個句子就是主句。這就要求考生首先具備分析句子的能力,能一眼看出主句中含有從句,還要明白是什么類型的從句,該用哪些連詞。
綜上所述,要做好語法填空題并非難事。學生只要了解這種題型的特點,掌握一定的解題方法和技巧,在平時的學習中有針對性地訓練,就能拿到高分。英語教師應在平時的教學中讓學生多做些語法填空訓練,有針對性地設計一些語法填空題目,如:可以把翻譯句子改為填空題讓學生來填詞;把課文改編成語法填空題,這樣既鞏固了課文的基礎知識,又可以循序漸進地掌握這種題型的解題技巧,幫助學生攻克語法填空這一難關,為高考打下堅實的基礎。