論中學英語連詞的用法

劉德英

連詞是十大詞類的重要內容之一。連詞不但表明一種語義關系，還具有連接語言成分的功能，在英語各種詞類中，連詞數量雖少，卻發揮著舉足輕重的作用。它在中學英語考試中，屬于必考內容。那么，作為畢業班的中學英語教師，怎樣作好連詞的復習呢？既要做到有針對性，有要做到有全面性。我經過多年的探索和總結，總結出以下一些教學經驗和心得，與同仁們共勉。

首先，當然要知道中考中連詞考哪些知識點以及這些的用法。總的來說，中學英語的連詞考察兩大類：（一）并列連詞（二）從屬連詞。

考綱規定中學課本中從七年級到九年級中常見的并列連詞及用法如下：1.and “和、又、而”（1） 連接對等關系的詞與詞、句子與句子，不必譯出Im a teacher， and he is a teacher， too. （2）句式：祈使句，+and 句子=If you---， youll---。①Use your head， and youll find a good idea. ②Hurry up， and youll catch the early train.=If you hurry up， youll catch the early train. 2.but：“但是、否則”，表示轉折（1） “但是，可是”，but連接的句子習慣省區與前面相同的成分。He finished his homework quite early， but didnt do it very well.（2）Lily likes piano. But Lucy doesnt.（3）He is very old. But he still works very hard.（4）She can speak Japanese and Russian. She cant speak Japanese or Russian. 3.or：“或者”，表選擇；“否則”，含轉折含義，可用條件句代替（1）Go to see the doctor at once， or your cold may get worse.（2）Hurry up， or youll miss the early train. =If you dont hurry， youll miss the early train. 4.for：因為，標原因 （1）只說明解釋而已。而because具有因果關系 I asked him to come here， for I had sth. to tell him.（2）The boy went to sleep soon， for he was tired. 5.so：“因此”，表因果，前句可用because引導的原因狀語從句替換 Its raining outside， so I must stay at home. 6.yet：“然而”，表示讓步The old teacher is very tired， yet she still works very hard. 7.both---and“兩者都---”（1） 連接主語，用動詞復數Both he and I are good at playing football.（2）She can both write and speak English very well. 8.not only---but also“不但---而且”，連接主語時，動詞用就近原則 Not only you but also your father draws well.注：both---and = not only---but also. 9.either---or或者---或者；不是---就是---（1） You can leave either today or tomorrow.（2）否定句中表示全否定Either you or he isnt right.（3） You can stay either in the garden or in the reading room. 10.neither---nor“既不---也不”（1）連接主語，動詞用就近原則 Neither you nor he is right.（2）連表語The rope is either too long too short. 11.nor：用于加強語氣，用倒裝表示“也不”I dont know him， nor do I know where he comes from.注：not only ---but also；either ---or； neither---nor連接主語時，動詞用“就近原則”。

考綱規定中學課本中從七年級到九年級中常見的從屬連詞及用法如下：1.引導賓語從句的：（1）That：無詞義，可省去。My mother told us that the moon is round. （2）Whether：“是否”，用于否定句中。Can you tell me whether you go there or not？（3）If：“是否”，用于肯定句中。I wonder if you will go there. （4）Want：引導動詞和介詞的賓從。They will be thankful for what you have done. （5）Which：“哪一個”，指物。I dont know which I should choose. 2.引導時間狀語從句：（1）When：“當---時候”，當從句中動詞是瞬間動詞時，無進行時態。The twins were drawing a car when the teacher came in.（2）While/when ：“在---時候/期間”，從句中動詞是延續動詞時，可用進行時態。I entered the room while /when Miss Gao was talking with my parents.注：when：引導的從句中，動詞既可是瞬間動詞，也可是延續動詞既可用進行時態，也可不用。while：引導的從句中，動詞只能是延續性的，且只能用進行時態。（3）not only--- but also“直到---才”；not在主句中構成否定，until后+ time n. / 時間狀語從句The baby didnt cry until his mother came back.（4）After：“在---之后”I went to bed after I finished my homework.注：可用not ---until轉化 （5）Since：自從---以來，主句用現在完成時I have lived there for more than 10 years since I left the army.（6）Before：“在---以前”，He had studied English for a year before he came here. Ring me up before you come to my house. 3.引導原因狀語從句：because She didnt go there because she was ill. （不用for；as）。4.引導條件狀語從句：if；unless = if not“假如”If it doesnt rain， well go to the park. Well go to visit the Great Wall unless it rains tomorrow.5.引導結果狀語從句：so---that“太---以致”；too ---to/such --- that 。He is so old that he cant walk fast. =He is too old to walk fast. 6.引導目的狀語從句：so that：“以便”Mr. Han speak loudly so that every one can hear clearly. Please speak loudly so that I can hear a little better. 7.引導讓步狀語從句：though“盡管，雖然”Though he was very tired， he went on working hard. Although he is old， he can walk very fast.注：不能用：though/although---but 8.習慣用法：S.+be+adj.+that+clause.①Im sorry that your watch is broken.②Im afraid that I wont go there. ③Im glad that you come to see me. ④Im sure that he will come back soon.9.引導比較狀語從句：（1）More--- than More people came than I expected.（2）As---as與---一樣Class one is as large as class Two. 10.引導地點狀語從句：where You must go where I told you.

其次，只是對以上知識的整理和歸納是不夠的，我有對以上只是精心編寫了專項題目給學生訓練。基本對每一個連詞的用法都編寫進去，以做到萬無一失。比如：①If you are late， you should make an apology to the teacher ____ in class _____ after class. A. both， and B. either， or C. between， and D. neither， nor ② ______ theyve won the first game， it was rather difficult ______ them to be the winner. A. As， for B. Though， of C. Though， for D. When， for ③I hardly knew anything about it ______ you told me. A. since B. after C. until D. when ④Would you like to go to the concert with me？ -Id love to， ______ I cant. I have a lot of homework to do. A. or B. but C. so D. and

第三， 為了應對每個知識點在不同類型的題目中的解決方法，教會學生就同一個知識點不同的題目進行練習。比如：Either you or Tom goes shopping.這個句子，可以設置考察Either …or…的選擇題，也可以設置為either …or…連接兩個主語時，運用就近原則對謂語動詞的單復數進行選定，采用用所給詞的適當形式填空這種題目：Either you or Tom _______（go） shopping.還可以設置成改錯題：Either you or Tom go shopping.______ ______ 把go 改成goes。

總之，在漢譯英時，要注意英語的特點，把合適的連詞放在合適的地點，以充分發揮它的粘連功能。課文是否流暢順達，都離不開連詞。連詞運用不好，文本要么顯得僵直生硬，要么像一盤散沙因此，如果做到了以上幾點，我想，你的學生英語成績會更上一層樓的。