王愛蘭 王安水
[摘 要] 目的:觀察凝血酶聯合立止血治療小兒上消化道出血臨床效果。方法:選取我院2013年11月到2014年11月收治的68例輕中度上消化道出血患兒,隨機分為對照組與實驗組,給予所有患兒補液、抑酸等基礎治療,對照組患兒口服凝血酶;實驗組在對照組基礎上加用立止血靜注。結果:實驗組止血時間(28.46±4.17)h,顯著短于對照組的(48.16±5.64)h,差異具有統計學意義。實驗組的治療總有效率明顯高于對照組,差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。結論:凝血酶聯合立止血治療小兒的上消化道出血具有良好的療效。
[關鍵詞] 凝血酶;立止血;小兒;上消化道出血
中圖分類號:R725.7 文獻標識碼:B 文章編號:2095-5200(2016)04-121-03
DOI:10.11876/mimt201604046
Clinical Analysis of the Efficacy of Thrombin and Reptilase In the Treatment of Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage WANG Ailan,WANG Anshui. (Department of paediatrics, Hanzhong people's Hospital,Hanzhong 723000,China)
[Abstract] Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of thrombin and reptilase in the treatment of pediatric upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Methods: Selected 68 cases of children with mild or moderate upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage admitted from November 2013 to November 2014 and randomly divided them into the control group and experimental group, providing them all with basic treatments like fluid infusion and acid suppression. Both groups take oral thrombin while those of the experimental group receive intravenous injection of reptilase in addition. Results:The average hemostasis time of the control group(28.46±4.17)h is obviously shorter than that of the other group(48.16±5.64)h and the difference has statistical significance.The total effective rate of the control group is obviously higher than that of the other group and the difference has statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusion: A combined application of thrombin and reptilase shows a good clinical efficacy in the treatment of pediatric upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
[Key words] thrombin;reptilase;pediatric;upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
上消化道出血(UGB)是屈氏韌帶以上消化道發生出血[1]。臨床表現因病因、出血速度的不同而不同,小兒上消化道出血是臨床常見急癥,小兒循環血量低于成人,出血危險性高于成人[2]。凝血酶為牛或豬血中提取的凝血酶無菌凍干品,能促使纖維蛋白原轉化為纖維蛋白而使血液凝固[3]。立止血是一種酶性止血劑,具有類凝血酶的效力和活性,能促進出血部位的血小板聚集,釋放凝血因子,是一種較為理想的止血劑[4]。文獻報道[5],以上兩種藥物聯合使用能夠充分止血。本研究觀察兩藥聯用治療小兒上消化道出血的療效。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
病例來源為我院2013年11月到2014年11月收治68例輕中度上消化道出血患兒,年齡在2d-4歲之間,實驗由家長簽署知情同意書。排除合并感染性及其他臟器疾病患兒[6],所有患兒按隨機數字表隨機分為實驗組和對照組,每組34例,兩組患兒性別、年齡、病因、出血量比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 治療方法
所有患兒均平臥,行補液、抑酸等基礎治療[7],必要時輸血。對照組患兒以凝血酶100IU/kg溶于生理鹽水10 mL口服, 1次/8h;治療組在對照組基礎上加用立止血0.5~1U靜注,2次/d,連用5d。
1.3 療效判定及統計方法
顯效:用藥48 h內無出血且無繼續出血現象,糞便及胃管引流液潛血陰性;有效:用藥48 h內有活動性出血,96h內無繼續出血現象,糞便及胃管引流液潛血陰性;無效:用藥96h后仍有黑便或活動性出血。統計兩組患兒的治愈時間及總有效率。
采用SPSS19.0 統計學軟件進行統計學分析,計量資料采用t 檢驗,計數資料采用卡方檢驗,以P<0.05 為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
實驗組止血時間(28.46?±4.17)h,顯著短于對照組的(48.16?±5.64)h,差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。
兩組患者經治療后,均有明顯效果,實驗組的治療總有效率明顯高于對照組,差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05),具體見表1。
3 討論
引起小兒上消化道出血的原因包括上消化道的潰瘍疾病炎性反應、門脈高壓引起的出血、食道和胃黏膜的病變、膽道疾病引起的出血、血管畸形或發育不良以及全身其他疾病引起的出血[9-11]。其中上消化道的潰瘍和炎癥所占比例最高,約為50%左右[12]。
凝血酶是血小板活化的誘導劑,在Ca2+存在的條件下,凝血酶能活化人體內的凝血因子,刺激血小板,使其發生聚集而形成栓子,從而發揮止血的作用[13]。凝血酶其中的成分類凝血激酶,可作用于血小板因子Ⅲ,也可使血小板因子Ⅴ活化。凝血酶還能直接作用于血液中的纖維蛋白原,促其轉變為纖維蛋白,加速人體內血液的凝固,達到止血目的[14]。因為在胃液pH>6時,凝血酶才能發揮其止血作用,過酸的環境會使凝成的血塊被消化,因此可在服用前服用一定劑量的抑酸劑[15]。凝血酶具有止血和凝血的雙重治療效果,因此能縮短出血時間,短時間減少出血量。立止血(raptilase)主要成分為巴曲酶和凝血因子X的脂依賴性激活劑[16],是用生物的方法從巴西矛頭蝮蛇蛇毒中分離制取得到的一種注射劑,是一種高純度的酶性止血劑,能夠促進人體的細小血管破裂處發生凝血而達到止血目的。在正常血管中不會發揮血小板聚集作用[17],因此不會發生凝血,且其作用不受胃酶、血漿中的凝血酶抑制劑影響等理化因素影響,具有快速、高效、安全優點[18-19]。另外,其中的PF3可在出血部位激活類凝血激酶,在其作用下,加速人體內凝血酶的形成而促進凝血過程,對于任何原因的出血均有效果。
本實驗結果表明,凝血酶與立止血聯合使用能夠明顯縮短患兒平均治愈時間,提高治療的總有效率,對小兒上消化道出血具有良好的療效。
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