彭俏菁 黎源 黃啟銳
【摘要】 目的 探討微創(chuàng)手術(shù)治療高血壓腦出血術(shù)后再發(fā)出血的原因及相應(yīng)對(duì)策。方法 106例微創(chuàng)手術(shù)治療高血壓腦出血患者, 根據(jù)有無(wú)再出血情況分成研究組(41例, 再出血)和對(duì)照組(65例, 未再出血)。觀察比較兩組各指標(biāo)情況。結(jié)果 研究組患者年齡<60歲、術(shù)前收縮壓≥180 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=
0.133 kPa)、發(fā)病至手術(shù)時(shí)間<6 h、術(shù)后有躁動(dòng)情況、腦內(nèi)血腫量≥30 ml、血腫形狀不規(guī)則、術(shù)后無(wú)少量血腫殘留、有凝血機(jī)制障礙比例均明顯高于對(duì)照組, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=6.27、4.16、7.95、8.60、15.56、5.95、25.82、7.95, P<0.05)。結(jié)論 年齡<60歲、血壓控制不穩(wěn)、手術(shù)時(shí)機(jī)選擇不當(dāng)、未給予適當(dāng)鎮(zhèn)靜、血腫量較大、血腫不規(guī)則、過(guò)度引流、凝血功能障礙等是造成術(shù)后再次出血的主要原因, 而其相應(yīng)的對(duì)策應(yīng)是平穩(wěn)控制血壓、把握適當(dāng)手術(shù)時(shí)機(jī)、恰當(dāng)?shù)逆?zhèn)靜、注意拔管時(shí)機(jī)、糾正凝血功能異常等。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 高血壓腦出血;微創(chuàng)手術(shù);再出血;對(duì)策
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.25.009
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the causes and recurrent bleeding after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage treated by minimally invasive surgery and its corresponding countermeasures. Methods A total of 106 hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage treated by minimally invasive surgery were divided by recurrent bleeding or not into research group (41 cases, recurrent bleeding) and control group (65 cases, without recurrent bleeding). All indicators in two groups were observed and compared. Results The research group had obviously higher proportions of age <60 years, preoperative systolic blood pressure ≥180 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), onset to surgery time <6 h, restlessness after surgery, brain hematoma volume ≥30 ml, hematoma irregular shape, no postoperative small hematoma residue, coagulation mechanism disorder than the control group, and their difference was statistical significant (χ2=6.27, 4.16, 7.95, 8.60, 15.56, 5.95, 25.82, 7.95, P<0.05). Conclusion Age < 60 years, blood pressure instability, inappropriate surgery time, not giving appropriate sedation, large amount of hematoma, irregular hematoma, excessive drainage, coagulation dysfunction are a major causes of recurrenct bleeding after operation, and its corresponding countermeasures should be a smooth control of blood pressure, grasping the appropriate time surgery, appropriate sedation, attention to extubation, and correcting coagulation abnormalities.
【Key words】 Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage; Minimally invasive surgery; Recurrent bleeding; Countermeasures
高血壓腦出血(hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, HIH)是神經(jīng)外科常見的急癥, 占急性腦血管疾病的10%~15%, 是造成腦卒中患者致殘、死亡的主要原因[1]。手術(shù)治療的方法目前使用較多的是骨瓣開顱血腫清除術(shù)和鉆孔血腫腔置管外引流術(shù)兩類, 從目前報(bào)道來(lái)看, 后者是目前國(guó)內(nèi)治療高血壓腦出血采用較多的方法[2], 較嚴(yán)重的手術(shù)并發(fā)癥是術(shù)后再出血, 在行微創(chuàng)鉆孔手術(shù)治療的病例中更為常見, 是影響高血壓腦出血治療及預(yù)后的主要因素。本文就高血壓腦出血微創(chuàng)手術(shù)術(shù)后再出血因素進(jìn)行分析并提出相應(yīng)對(duì)策, 報(bào)告如下。
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 選取2015~2016年本院收治的106例高血壓腦出血行微創(chuàng)鉆孔手術(shù)患者, 其中男74例, 女32例, 平均年齡62.6歲。既往高血壓病史106例, 糖尿病病史20例。發(fā)病至手術(shù)時(shí)間3~48 h;出血部位:CT檢查為基底節(jié)區(qū)腦內(nèi)血腫, 平均出血量(32±9)ml。根據(jù)有無(wú)再出血情況分成研究組(41例, 再出血)和對(duì)照組(65例, 未再出血)。endprint
1. 2 再出血標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 術(shù)后6~72 h患者出現(xiàn)病情惡化, 復(fù)查CT, 顯示原出血區(qū)域呈現(xiàn)高密度影, 周圍水腫明顯, 腦室受壓, 中線結(jié)果明顯偏移等, 參照文獻(xiàn)[3], 較前次CT檢查原出血部位血腫量增加>20 ml或血腫體積增加>50%判定為再出血。……p>