天津市薊州區(qū)初中生結(jié)核病防治知識健康教育效果調(diào)查

摘要：目的? 了解天津市薊州區(qū)中學生結(jié)核病防治知識核心信息知曉情況，探討控制結(jié)核病流行的干預措施，為制定相應策略提供參考依據(jù)。方法? 采用分層整群抽樣法抽取天津市薊州區(qū)12所學校38個班的1720名中學生作為研究對象，于2018年5～11月使用《天津市結(jié)核病防治知識、信念、行為調(diào)查問卷》在對學生健康教育干預前后進行結(jié)核病防治知識問卷調(diào)查，評價結(jié)核病防治知識健康教育的效果。結(jié)果? 干預前天津市薊州區(qū)中學生結(jié)核病防治知識核心信息知曉率為36.21%，干預后學生結(jié)核病防治知識核心信息知曉率為86.56%，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）;干預前城區(qū)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)中學生結(jié)核病防治知識核心信息知曉率比較，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05），干預后城區(qū)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)中學生結(jié)核病防治知識核心信息知曉率比較，差異無統(tǒng)計學意義（P>0.05）。干預后，影響中學生獲得結(jié)核病防治知識的信息來源從干預前的看電視、收聽廣播發(fā)展為多方位多形式滲透的互動式學校健康教育為主。結(jié)論? 在學校開展“知信行”多模式健康教育對提高學生結(jié)核病防治知識知曉率效果確切，建議在各學校推廣并建立長效機制，以提高預防控制結(jié)核病的效果。

關鍵詞：中學生;結(jié)核病;健康教育;知曉率

中圖分類號：R52;R183? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.09.037

文章編號：1006-1959（2020）09-0118-03

Investigation on the Effect of Health Education on Tuberculosis Prevention Knowledge

Among Junior High School Students in Jizhou District of Tianjin

LIU Hua

（Tianjin Jizhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention，Tianjin 301900，China）

Abstract：Objective? To understand the awareness of the core information of tuberculosis prevention and treatment among middle school students in Jizhou District of Tianjin， to discuss the intervention measures to control the tuberculosis epidemic， and to provide reference for the development of corresponding strategies.Methods? Using stratified cluster sampling method， 1720 middle school students from 38 classes in 12 schools in Jizhou District of Tianjin were selected as the research objects， conducted a questionnaire survey on knowledge about tuberculosis prevention and control before and after intervention in health education for students from May to November 2018 using the 《Questionnaire on Knowledge， Belief and Behavior of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control in Tianjin》， evaluate the effect of health education on tuberculosis prevention knowledge.Results? Before the intervention， the core information awareness rate of middle school students in Jizhou District， Tianjin was 36.21%， and the core information awareness rate of the tuberculosis prevention knowledge was 86.56%， the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）; Comparison of the core information awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention knowledge among middle school students in urban areas and rural areas before intervention， the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）.Comparison of the core information awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention knowledge among middle school students in urban and rural areas after intervention，the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. After the intervention， the source of information that affects the middle school students' knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and development has changed from watching TV and listening to radio before the intervention to multi-faceted and multi-form interactive school health education.Conclusion? Carrying out multi-mode health education of “knowledge， faith and behavior” in schools has a definite effect on improving the awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention knowledge among students. It is recommended to promote and establish a long-term mechanism in each school to improve the effectiveness of prevention and control of tuberculosis.

Key words：Middle school students;Tuberculosis;Health education;Awareness rate

結(jié)核病（tuberculosis）是全世界由單一致病菌致死亡例數(shù)最多的疾病，嚴重危害人類健康[1]。我國結(jié)核病控制面臨著嚴峻的形勢，印度和我國共擁有全球40%的結(jié)核病病例，我國的結(jié)核病患者數(shù)僅次于印度，位居世界第2。據(jù)報道，2011年我國有結(jié)核病患者140萬，新發(fā)病例100萬，死亡4.7萬[2]。近年部分地區(qū)學校結(jié)核病疫情報告呈上升趨勢，做好學校結(jié)核病防控工作是勢在必行。……