李建民 黃加偉 楊淙喜 李彬 胡甚平



摘要:為引起航海設備制造商對顯示終端影響駕駛員視覺問題的重視并推動技術革新,合理布局顯示終端,采用改進德爾菲法向航海領域專家進行咨詢,基于調研數據對所有顯示終端影響駕駛員視覺的因素進行權重排序,確定影響程度大小。為降低顯示終端對夜航視覺的影響并在今后有針對性地處理所出現的問題,提出灰色綜合評價的方法體系并進行實船驗證。研究表明:影響視覺的因素中眩光所占權重最大,其次是舷窗反射;影響光源主要是設備顯示終端;利用灰色綜合評價可以對顯示終端的影響進行有效、客觀的評價。
關鍵詞: 顯示終端; 視覺功效; 視覺心理; 層次分析法; 灰色綜合評價
中圖分類號: U663.81 ? ?文獻標志碼: A
Comprehensive evaluation of effects of navigation
equipment display terminals on night vision
LI Jianmin1, HUANG Jiawei1, YANG Congxi1, LI Bin1, HU Shenping2
(1.Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China;
2.Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)
Abstract: To arouse the attention of the manufacturers of navigation equipments to the problem of display terminals affecting drivers vision, to promote the technical innovation, and to achieve the reasonable layout of display terminals, the improved Delphi method is used to consult the experts in navigation field, and the weights of all factors affecting drivers vision are sorted based on the survey data to determine the degree of influence. To reduce the effect of display terminals on night vision and deal with the problems in the future, a grey comprehensive evaluation method system is proposed and verified by ships. The study shows that: the glare has the largest weight in the factors affecting vision, followed by the porthole reflection; the main influence light source is the equipment display terminal; the grey comprehensive evaluation can effectively and objectively evaluate the effect of display terminals.
Key words: display terminal; visual performance; visual psychology; analytic hierarchy process; grey comprehensive evaluation
0 引 言
導航、助航設備是保證船舶航行安全的重要手段,顯示終端是設備人機互動的主要途徑。伴隨船舶智能化、信息化程度的加深,船舶駕駛臺內各種設備數量與日俱增。導航、助航信息的有效性、可信性、延時性和完善性一直備受關注,國際海事組織(IMO)海上安全委員會在2018年5月16日至25日召開的第99次會議上通過《經修訂的綜合導航系統(INS)性能標準》(MSC.252(83)決議)修正案[1]。光對航行安全的影響問題由來已久,國內外學者在外部環境背景燈光、船舶信號燈光和航標燈光對航行安全的影響方面取得了大量研究成果[2-3]。顯示終端在提供人機界面的同時,在夜航條件下對航行安全的影響同樣不容忽視[4]。……