夏婧雯
案例背景:
英語閱讀能力的培養不是一蹴而就的,除了課內閱讀的輸入,適當的課外閱讀補充也是必要的。由于小學生的具體形象記憶仍占主導地位,繪本閱讀的教學有助于激發學生的學習興趣,逐步培養其閱讀能力。但由于學校英語教學時長短,任務重,僅靠課堂上的閱讀教學是遠遠不夠的。在線繪本教學就成為了有效的補充,本文將通過Spotlight on English系列的The Outdoor market教學片段,分析如何進行有效的繪本教學。
案例片段1:
在The Outdoor market的導入環節中,教生對話如下:
T: What can you see?(教師出示封面)
S1: I can see a man, a woman and a girl.
T:Anything else?
S2: I can see some men and women. They are behind a board.
T: Yes, you are right. What other things can you see?
S3: Some fish,螃蟹和章魚。
T: Yes, crabs and octopus. Whats this?(指價碼牌)
S4:How much are the fish?
T:Nice job. The price of the fish.
T:What else can you see?
S5: The Outdoor Market.
T: It is...
S6: The name of the book.
T: We also have...
S7: The writers.
T:And Spotlight on English is the series of the books. (系列叢書)
It is published by Richmond.(由。。。出版)So, if you like the book, you can find more in Spotlight on English.
T: We know the book is the outdoor market. What is it? Can you guess? For example, you can buy? fish there.
S8:菜場。
T: Almost right.What does outdoor mean? Go out, door.
S9:外面的。
S10:戶外的。
T: So the outdoor market?
S11:戶外的菜場。
T:We can say 戶外的集市。你們趕過集嗎?或者去過菜場嗎?
學生興奮地分享自己的趕集或菜場經歷。
教師展示前三幅圖片,
T:Look at the girl and the woman.
Maybe the woman is the girls...
S2: Mother.
T: Yes, where are they?
S4:At home.
T:你在去市場前,會在家干什么呢?
S7: I dont know.
S1: 想想買什么。
T: Yes. What will they do with a note book?
S: They write the things they want.
T:Yes, we call it a shopping list.
學生通過觀察圖片,運用所學句型I can...,獲得了繪本的標題信息,在觀看繪本前三幅圖后,學生又結合自身經驗進行英語猜詞,在分享經歷的過程中,對下一步故事情節產生了好奇,激發其自主提問熱情。
案例片段2:教授過程中,教師引導學生自主提問:
T:We know mum and I are writing a shopping list at home. And what will happen next? What? do you want to know? Can you ask?
S17: Where are they in the market?
S14: What will they buy in the market?
S15:When will they go to the outdoor market?
S16: How are they? Are they happy?
T:These are nice questions. Now lets read the story quickly and find the answer.
T: Can you answer now? Where are mum and I?
S17: I cant remember.
S19: First, they are at home.Then, they are in the the market. Finally, they are at home again. They go to many places in the market. I buy some fruit.
T:When?
S22: Today.
T: How are they? Are they happy?
S23:Yes.
T:Well done. Who can tell me the whole story?
S12: Mum and I go shopping in the market today. We are happy.
T: You know the main idea quite well. So you dont know where are they in the market. What
will they buy in it?Please read page 6 to page 12. And order these pictures. Maybe you will find the answer.(亂序出示水果攤,海鮮攤,面包店,肉店以及咖啡店的圖片)
學生正確進行了排序。(學生根據圖片猜測出店名)
教師通過引導學生自主提問,自主探究,在提問題找答案的過程中,也理清了故事的整體脈絡,讓學生對故事閱讀的五大元素,who,when,where,what,how有了基本的認識,學生既提高了思維品質,又因急于尋求問題的答案,激起了閱讀興趣。
案例片段3:
T:Now, lets play an acting game. First, we are at home. I am Mum and you are daughter. Who can talk with me and I will write the shopping list?(提供語言支持)
S1: I can.
T: OK, lets start. Dear, what would you like?
S1: Id like some sandwiches.
T:Anything else?
S1: Id like some fruit.
T: Are there any pears in the fridge?
S1:Yes, there are.
T:Are there any apples in the fridge?
S1:No, there arent.
T:Do you want some?
S1: Of course.
T: So, I write sandwiches and apples on the shopping list. Lets go shopping.
Do you understand? You can do the pair work, think about it first.
2組同學分享了一下對話。
T:There are some places in the market. Lets find out what do they really buy?(在閱讀和表演中,找出母女兩購買的東西)
Now,you can choose one to act it out. Maybe they go to other produces too. Lets do it one by one.(給學生提供語言支持和圖片)
每一個地點,可添加新地點,隨機邀請三名同學進行表演,表演2-3組,學生可以自編對話,進行即興表演。
Finally, we go back home and I help mum put the food away. Do you know put the food away?
S:放好。
T:Yes, you should do it too. So, you will be happy after that.
在學生自主理清故事主線后,細節的購物部分,會讓學生失去興趣。教師采用表演的形式,讓學生身臨其境,激活購物語言知識;添加新地點,發揮學生的想象力;隨機請學生表演,增加了挑戰性,喚醒了學習文本的內驅力。
反思
線上繪本教學,存在多種干擾因素,教師通過有意識地設置教學活動,調動學生的積極性,提高學生的課堂參與度,有效地提高了線上教學效率。
(1)細看圖片,激活背景知識
英語繪本是以英語語言表述的圖畫故事書(江萍,2019),圖片在教學中占據主導地位。
教師首先通過展示封面圖片,提問What can you see?,激活學生的探知欲望,在仔細看圖的過程中,學生結合生活經驗和知識儲備,猜測出故事的人物和地點,引出標題the outdoor market。
接著,教師通過鼓勵學生分享其親身經歷,為后續的學習活動做好心理準備。教師展現繪本的前三幅圖,通過提問,引導學生總結出人物關系以及事件地點,在細讀圖片后,引導學生猜測重點詞匯a shopping list,掃除閱讀障礙,同時學生在攻克難題后,自信心增長,大大提高課堂參與熱情。
(2)巧設任務,梳理故事情節
閱讀繪本故事,對未知情節的好奇心,會驅使學生讀完文本。在學生了解了故事開頭,母女兩寫購物單后,急于知道后續故事情節。這時,自問自答的任務設置,讓學生提出心中的疑問,即關于故事閱讀的主要元素,時間,地點,事件(人物已知)。在泛讀中,尋求答案。初讀文本,學生只找到部分問題的答案,于是為了降低閱讀難度,教師又設置了排序的任務,幫助學生梳理了故事發生的地點順序,以及故事的大意。在潛移默化中,學生不僅對當前繪本有了明確的認知,對故事類繪本的閱讀策略也有了深入的理解。故事閱讀不僅有五要素,還是以清晰的邏輯順序不斷推進的。
(3)角色扮演,提升生活技能
學生閱讀繪本,不僅為了提高閱讀能力,更是為了將繪本服務于生活,為生活中的問題提供解決方案(周亞文,張海燕,2019)。在the outdoor market的教學中,學生不僅要了解故事大意,更要熟悉購物過程,提升生活技能,升華情感價值。明白購物需要理清購物單,與賣家溝通購買所需,回家后要整理物品,幫父母分擔。學習實用的知識,能讓學生感受到閱讀的魅力。教師通過示范,與學生共同角色扮演,內化書寫清單語言,購物語言,并幫助學生理解做家務的快樂,既豐富了學生的語用認知,也在豐富的情境教學中,提升了學生的想象力和創造力。
結束語:在線繪本的有效教學旨在發揮學生的主體作用。學生積極參與課堂,細看圖片,激活背景知識。教師也要認真備課,巧設任務,幫助學生梳理故事情節。在課堂上,教師要營造寬松氛圍,師生角色扮演,高效提升生活技能。閱讀能力的提高,不僅是在閱讀策略上,更是在生活技能與情感價值上的提高。一節高效的課堂,離不開學生的自主參與,更離不開教師的精心設計。
(作者單位:南京師范大學附屬中學仙林學校小學部)