句式多樣性在初中英語寫作中的運用

【摘要】初中英語寫作要獲取高分，不僅要有豐富的內容，句子的處理同樣重要。很多學生就是因為句子結構不清楚或句式的單一而得不到高分。實際上，一篇好的寫作范文都是以簡單句為基礎，配以適當的復合句;而簡單句通常要添加一些附屬成分，如介詞短語、副詞短語、不定式動詞短語等。因而，在寫作過程中可以適當增加句式的多樣性，文章就會更豐富更有品位。本文談談筆者在訓練學生寫作時運用句式多樣性的做法。

【關鍵詞】句式多樣性;初中英語寫作;運用

【作者簡介】陳致淋，福建省尤溪縣清溪初級中學。

一、善用并列連詞

并列連詞，是指兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接起來，它們之間存在的一定的邏輯關系。首先，在教學中先讓學生明白有哪些并列連詞：and ， but， or， so， both... and， not only... but also， either... or，neither... nor; 接著范例板書：I cooked lunch and made a cake. （表順承）. I love the book but it is too expensive.（轉折）. He got up late， so he missed the train.（因果） Be quiet or you'll be asked to go out.（條件） . In my winter holidays， I either skate or ski.（并列）. I like both swimming and running.（并列） Not only my brother and I are tired（并列）. 讓學生觀察并思考它們之間的邏輯關系并進行歸納總結。最后，用上面的六種并列連詞進行單獨的練習鞏固：1. She made a wish. She blew out the candles. （用and ） 2. Tom received an invitation. He didn't accept it （用but ）. 3.He stayed up too late. He fell asleep（用so）. 4. Kate is fond of swimming. Maria is fond of swimming.（用both...and）.

二、善用從句

1.狀語從句。它是用來修飾主句中動詞、形容詞或副詞的句子。因此，在寫作訓練中，筆者主要對時間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句和結果狀語從句等進行分類別由簡到難系統訓練。首先，讓學生分類別說出不同狀語從句的連詞，然后造句：

（1）時間狀語從句：while，when ，since，before， after， until， as soon as .范例板書：Don't make noise when others are reading. I won't believe what he said until I know about it myself.

（2）讓步狀語從句：though， even if， whatever， whenever.范例板書：Though he felt sick， he still did his homework. I won't tell others even if I know it . He always helps the people in need no matter when he has time.

（3）條件狀語從句：if， unless， as long as.范例板書：You will be successful as long as you work hard.? We will beat the illness unless we unite.

（4）原因狀語從句：because ， since . 然后板書： Many lands became deserts because human beings have cut down too many trees.

（5）目的狀語從句：so that， in order to. I study hard so that I can pass the exam.

（6）結果狀語從句：so... that? such... that， I was so sorry that my tears can't help falling. 接下來通過漢譯英的形式讓學生獨立完成以下題目：

（1）他掃完教室后，就離開了。

（2）盡管身體不好，他仍然繼續(xù)完成這些任務。

（3）你將不會完成這項任務除非你早點開始。4. 我喜歡坐火車因為它便宜。

（4）最近她忙于復習功課以便通過考試。最后通過小組核對答案進行互助，老師進行點評疑難。

2.賓語從句。賓語從句，顧名思義，就是整個句子在復合句中做賓語。它的語序是連接詞+主語+謂語+其他部分。連接詞有that ， if ， whether， who， where， how， when等。在賓語從句寫作教學中，首先教師把先呈現直接賓語從句，然后讓學生將其改為間接賓語，最后引導學生歸納總結：

（1）“The flowers smell nice.”The visitor said.→The visitor said that the flowers smelt nice.

（2）Will you come back ？ He asks.→ He asks if I will come back.

（3）“ When did you come？” She asked me.→ She asked me when I came? .

（4）Where does Jane come from？ Can you tell me ？→Can you tell me where Jane comes from？ 在學生歸納完之后，教師進行補充。接著，教師馬上呈現以下練習進行鞏固：

（1）The students said， “The stamps are wonderful.”

（2）Does she go skiing？ Do you know？

（3）“Who will give the talk next Saturday？ ”My deskmate asks me.

（4）Mr. Li asked his son， “Where do you want to swim”.

因此在復習中，教師先呈現三個句子讓學生用引導詞which，that，who 進行填空：

（1）I know the girl has black hair.

（2）I like sports are safe for me.

（3）He is the one has given me lots of help.? 然后小組討論核對答案，并歸納，教師適當點評。最后，練習鞏固將以下句子改為含有定語從句的句子：1. Something happened yesterday. Tom told it to his brother.? 2. My son likes to make friends. They give me courage.? 3. That is our plan for the winter holiday. My father and I made together.

三、善用短語

在英文寫作中，可以利用不定式短語、介詞短語、或形容詞短語等來增加句子的句式，從而使句子表達更加多樣化。

1.巧用不定式改寫：My teacher always advises me . She asks me to go to bed early and get up early.? → My teacher always advises me to go to bed early and get up early.

2. 巧用介詞短語：We can keep us healthy by washing hands， wearing masks and keeping away from crowded people.

3.巧用形容詞短語：Our family reached Beijing after a twelve-hour trip. We were tired but happy.→Our family reached Beijing after a twelve-hour tripe， tired but happy.在學生觀察歸納完之后，教師呈現下面的練習讓學生獨立完成漢譯英：

（1）為了體驗不同的生活，我在寒假做了一份兼職工作。（2）現在許多衣服在促銷，漂亮但不貴。（3）眾所周知，我在志愿者活動中扮演了重要的角色。（4）此外，我們不允許獨自游泳，特別是在河里。核對答案后，小組內解決問題，組間幫助。最后教師點評全班不會的問題。

四、善用特殊句式

在英語寫作中，我們常用到比較級、感嘆句和it做形式主語或賓語等句式。

1.利用感嘆句? She is an exciting girl.→How exciting the girl is ！

2.利用比較級? 你越努力學習，你就越出色。The harder you work， the better you will be .

3.利用it做形式主語? ?We should exercise often. It is important. →It is important for us to exercise often.

4.利用it做形式賓語? I try my best to finish the task my teacher assigned yesterday.? I find it impossible at last.

→ I find it impossible to finish the task my teacher assigned yesterday.

為了讓學生及時鞏固課堂所學，加深理解和熟練運用，筆者在課堂上會根據學生水平層次，設置如下練習獨立完成：

（1）他學得越來越努力。She studies harder and harder.

（2）我們進行戶外活動的時間到了。It's time for us to have outdoor activities.

（3）這個問題太難了以致我們都解決不了。The question is too hard for us to solve.

（4）我發(fā)現自學很容易。I find it easy to learn by myself.

（5）在作業(yè)中你越細心，你犯錯就越少。The more careful you are in doing your exercises， the fewer mistakes you will make.

（6）Tom is a cute boy. （改為感嘆句）。 What a cute boy Tom is！

（7）You should act from now on. It's more important than anything else.（用it 做形式主語改寫）。It's more important than anything else for you to act from now on.

參考文獻：

[1]王玲燕.基于翻譯寫作學視角的英語句式多樣性教學模式探討[J].海外英語，2019（13）：34-35.