張彭輝 杜建平 吳帥 程文華 侯建 孔祥峰 張麗

摘要:海洋環境大數據是諸多學科研究領域的基礎,也是實施海洋強國戰略和建設海洋強國奮斗目標的先決條件。文章從全球海洋環境觀測計劃及系統出發,探討現階段全球海洋環境大數據觀測、國家數據庫建設、數據質控方法以及數據應用現狀,闡明了海洋環境大數據在國家發展中的重要性,客觀地分析了目前海洋環境大數據發展在基礎設施、數據處理及數據質控能力建設等方面面臨的關鍵問題與挑戰,以期為將來海洋環境大數據在多尺度、多學科、多行業的深入發展與深度融合提供可靠的資料與建議。
關鍵詞:海洋環境監測;大數據;數據質控;數據應用
中圖分類號:P76;TP31文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1005-9857(2021)11-0104-09
Research Progress on the Construction of Marine Environment Big Data System
ZHANG Penghuil, DU Jianpingl, WU Shuai?, CHENG Wenhual, HOU Jianl, KONG Xiangfeng?,ZHANG Li?
(1. State key laboratory for marine corrosion and protetion, Luoyang ship material research institute, Qingdao 266101,China;2.Southwest Technology and Enginering Research Institute, Chongging 400039, China; 3. Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266061, China)
Abstract:Big data on the marine environment isthe foundation of many disciplines and research fields, and it is also a prerequisite for implementing the strategy of a maritime power and the goal of building a maritime power. Starting from theglobal marine environment observation plan and system, this paper discussed the current global marine environment big data observation, national database construction,data quality control methods and data application status, clarified the importance of marine environment big data in national development, and objectively analyzed the key issues and challenges on capacity building of infrastructure, data processing and quality control faced by the current development of marine environmental big data, to provide reliable in-formation and suggestions for the in-depth development and in-depth integration of marine envi-ronmental big data in multi-scale,multi-disciplinary,and multi-industry in the future. Keywords:Marine environment monitoring,Big data,Data quality control,Data application
0引言
“大數據”這一概念起源于20世紀80年代,最早被提出用來描述容量非常大的數據集,美國科學家JohnR.Mashey在“BigDataandtheNextWaveofIn-fraStres”的演講中即提到這一概念[1]。隨著摩爾定律的應用與技術的發展,大數據不僅是指簡單的數據集,而是通過一系列特征準確定位的專業術語,即“4V”特征:大數量(Volume)、多樣性(Variety)、高速度(Velocity)和高價值(Value)[2]。海洋環境觀測在海洋探測中起著至關重要的作用。隨著信息技術的指數增長及海洋觀測手段的日益發展,海洋科學已正式進入大數據時代。海洋觀測數據的獲取通常建立在多時空尺度、多平臺的采集與分析上,具有數據量大、維度廣、類型多樣、測量持續、利用潛力大的特點,是一種典型的大數據,即海洋環境大數據。……