楊力
摘? 要:現階段如何提升創新創業效果,需要積極探索培養新時代雙創人才的創新創業教育新模式。為此,通過對目前高校創新創業實施過程中存在的大學生創新創業意識不強、專業教育與創新創業教育融合不夠、創新創業教育模式單一等問題分析,將“虛擬企業”理念融入到創新創業教育模式改革中,提出了基于“虛擬企業”的線上線下混合式創新創業教育新模式。首先在專業教育基礎上,通過構建面向“虛擬企業”的創新創業教育線上資源,其次創建線上線下結合的虛擬團隊,最后通過“虛擬企業”創業準備、“虛擬企業”創業計劃、“虛擬企業”創業實施及“虛擬企業”創業評價等階段來實現創新創業教育目標。該模式的應用不僅能夠極大提升大學生創新創業能力,而且為創新創業教育可持續發展提供了新的思路。
關鍵詞:虛擬企業;創新創業;混合式教學;虛擬團隊
中圖分類號:G640? ?? ?文獻標志碼:A? ? ? ? ?文章編號:2096-000X(2021)21-0030-05
Abstract: At present, in order to improve the effect of innovation and entrepreneurship, a new mode of innovation and entrepreneurship education should be actively explored to cultivate innovative talents in the new era. Therefore, the problems existing in the implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship in colleges and universities are analyzed, such as the weak awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship, insufficient integration of professional education and innovation and entrepreneurship education, and the single mode of innovation and entrepreneurship education. The concept of "virtual enterprise" is integrated into the innovation and entrepreneurship education model reform. The online and offline hybrid innovation and entrepreneurship education based on "virtual enterprise" is proposed pattern. Firstly, based on professional education, the online resources of innovation and entrepreneurship education oriented to "virtual enterprise" are constructed. Secondly, a virtual team combining online and offline is organized. Finally, the goal of innovation and entrepreneurship education is realized with the stages of "virtual enterprise" entrepreneurship preparation, "virtual enterprise" entrepreneurship plan, "virtual enterprise" entrepreneurship implementation and "virtual enterprise" entrepreneurship evaluation. The application of this model can not only greatly improve the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of universities, but also provide a new idea for the sustainable development of innovation and entrepreneurship education.
Keywords: virtual enterprise; innovation and entrepreneurship; hybrid teaching; virtual team
在國家“大眾創業、萬眾創新”驅動發展戰略背景下,互聯網+、大數據、云計算、區塊鏈、人工智能等與傳統產業深度融合,為主動應對新一輪科技革命與產業變革,支撐服務創新驅動發展、《中國制造2025》等一系列國家戰略,新工科、新農科、新醫科等各種新業態、新模式與新專業不斷涌現,為大學生的創新創業工作提供了契機。未來新興產業和新經濟需要實踐能力強、創新能力強、具備國際競爭力的高素質復合型新型人才,高校作為經濟社會發展人才培養的重要基地,應抓住機遇,以提高創新創業意識和能力為目標,積極探索培養新時代雙創人才的創新創業教育新模式。但是在探索創新創業教育過程中,創新創業教育模式也出現了新問題。
一、創新創業教育面臨的新問題
目前,各個高校逐步加強專業教學改革,并將大學生創新創業教育通過社會實踐課程、第二課堂等方式納入到專業建設中,并逐步展開實施,取得了一定的效果,但是創新創業教育是以培養具有創業基本素質和開創型個性的人才為目標,以培育在校學生的創業意識、創新精神、創新創業能力為主的教育,創新創業教育本質上是一種實用教育。對大多數專業老師來說,過多關注專業教育,還沒有開展創新創業教育的經驗,創新創業教育仍然面臨諸多新問題。