Research on Urban and Rural Professional Teaching Planning Reform under the Background of New Urbanization

【Abstract】At the present stage， China has trapped into an important period of strategic opportunities for a new round of development. Urban-rural planning， as the main basis and and important blueprint of urban and rural development and construction，has playing increasingly crucial role. Urban and rural planning is a set of comprehensive， practical and policy for a batch of strong discipline， and its technical methods， standard policy， talent demand are in constant development correspondingly as well. In the background of series of changes， the urban and rural planning professional teaching will also face enormous challenges and new requirements； hence， in order to better adapt to the new situation， and cultivate professional qualified modern urban planning talents in the field， related institutions and staffs must learn to change ideas， learn to advance with The Times， and continue to deepen the reform.

【Key words】New urbanization； Urban-rural planning； Teaching reform

【摘要】現階段中國的發展正處于新一輪發展的重要的戰略機遇時期，因此，城鄉規劃作為城鄉發展和建設的主要依據與重要藍圖藍圖，其作用亦愈發重要。城鄉規劃是一門集綜合性、實踐性和政策性為一爐的極強的學科，它的技術方法、政策規范及人才需求等都在不斷地發展。在這一系列的變化的背景下，城鄉規劃專業的教學工作也將面臨著巨大的挑戰和新的要求，要想更好地適應新形勢，培養出合格的現代化城鄉規劃的專業型人才，相關機構及工作人員必須學會轉變思路、學會與時俱進、繼續深化改革。

【關鍵詞】新型城鎮化 城鄉規劃 教學改革

At the present stage in our country， when economic structures are in transformation， urban and rural planning are viewed as the basis and and blueprint of urban development and construction， the work contents involved in are expanding and extending， the development of urban planning workers role in the urban and rural planning began to diversify as well. Urban and rural planning professional teaching is confronting with new challenges and requirements， demands for the student knowledge structure and professional qualifaction are becming growingly high as well. Cultivating the students' humanities accomplishment and innovation ability， are playing a significant effects for links of college education， therefore， to construct a new mode of urbanization about the teaching reform for urban and rural planning is of great significance.

1. Research on requird new talent training strategy under the new trend

1.1 Education method combined with social demand

Cultivate students' ability of social cognition in the face of economic system transition， the adjustment of industrial structure， the urban rapid expansion and accelerated the process of urbanization， and many other changes， today's urban problems has great changes compared with that of the planned economy period， the urban and rural planning and professional content is becoming increasingly complicated as well. This requires teachers in addition to guide and encourage students to learn more knowledge， and also cultivate students' ability of investigation and study social cognitive ability. Let the student can accurately understand the change of government function and build a basic attributes of urban and rural planning that conforms to what harmonious society needs， grasp the government's comprehensive control of urban and rural residential environment construction in the new urbanization ， so as to adapt to the socialist market economy demand for high level planning personnel.

1.2 Pay attention to the cultivation of professional and qualified talents

Under the new development trend of urbanization， urban and rural planning professional teaching is to make students understand that planner is not only for the government functional departments but do a good job of coordination and communication space interests， paymore attention to highlighting the “people-oriented” humanistic care. Planning management and planning design of main body is people， the purpose of the plan is to focus on the needs of the social vulnerable groups and benefits， provide service with the people， rather than from the “form” of self， but didn't see the people for the material. In the construction of curriculum Settings， therefore， they should reflect the value judgment of “public participation”， “planning management” of the concept of “property ownership” and other modern planning related times spirit.

1.3 Training planning or managing talents to new situation

Many students has a weak understanding of systemic government policies， but with higher aim， they don't want to be a city administrator. Hence， after graduation， many small and medium-sized cities in China high level of urban and rural planning management are facing talent shortage， it is also a stumbling block to hinder the rapid development of urban and rural planning at present in China as well. Institutions of higher learning should strengthen the education of the urban and rural planning management， and constantly improve the students' professional values in the process of talent training.

1.4 Instructors should have sensitivity to national policy

Teaching content should fully reflect the real-time performance of the teaching content， to combine new urbanization theory to the teaching， such as low carbon life， control prices， the new rural construction， and etc.， so as to let the students know that the strong policy of urban and rural planningis， so as to promote themmake a sharp policy response to the urban development in the future work . They can also be combined with the excellent design case， organize and guide the students to discuss and analyze， enhance students understanding depth， enhances the student to observe and evaluate the concrete programming problem and planning ability.

2. Reform goals

2.1 Improve the students' humane quality

In the teaching process， teachers should pay attention to students' ideological and political quality， the cultivation of body and mind quality and a series of non-business quality， pay special attention to the professional ethics and values of education science into daily teaching. Through a variety of project practice， to cultivate students' pursuit-of-truth spirit of planning， the planning data of realistic consciousness， so as to make the students enjoy the planning and design of human， the importance of urban sustainable development， enhance their sense of social responsibility， set up correct social values， and consciously safeguard the public's interest.

2.2 Improve the quality of graduates， make them to adapt to the social needs

Regional innovation and development of talent structure require the local colleges and universities to provide them with talents， intelligence， technical support， and form the corresponding talent training service system as well. The process of teaching requires students to apply what they have learned， including basic knowledge and basic skills for scientific research and design work， training students' ability to analyze and solve problems， improve their innovation ability， combination of teaching， scientific research and production practice， and realize the practice education in local colleges and regional economic integration. Improving the quality of the graduates， not only needs us to exercise the students' comprehensive ability in using the business knowledge， but also optimize the student entrepreneurship practice platform， improve the ability of students to solve practical problems， lead the student to actively deal with all kinds of new situation in the future work.

2.3 Improve teachers' comprehensive education ability

Teachers' quality is the decisive elements of professional construction. At present， the middle-aged and young teachers have become the backbone of teaching， they have created favorable conditions for the sustainable development of urban and rural planning education. Young teachers should constantly improve the level of knowledge and culture. First， you must master the basic taught subject knowledge， familiar with the basic framework of disciplines and all parts of the inner link between “information， to get around， meet a source.”Second， teachers must have a strong thirst for knowledge， and constantly enrich and perfect themselves， teachers should also equipped with rich culture and superb professional skills， to complete the task of teaching， so as to cultivate high-quality talents.

3. Curriculum innovation adapted to the new urbanization

3.1 Strengthen the understanding of laws and regulations knowledge

Strong planning policy's characteristics， requires teachers make a understanding of relevant legal policies in the process of teaching reading. Our country's geographical area is broad， regional development is not balanced in China， the task and and key points faced by the cities are also different， plus around natural features differ in thousands ways， this determines the planning management education's diverse demand on the local area. Planning education needs us not only to systematically study the law of the People's Republic of China on urban and rural planning act， should also understand suitable regulations for local characteristics and local economic development planning， especially learning the causes of local laws and regulations and implementation as well as the national standard of local laws and regulations of the influence of formulation and planning management during the process of new and local urbanization.

3.2 Develop students' ability of social management

Party's eighteen big report on “strengthening and innovate social management” pointed out that： “improving the level of social scientific management， and it is necessary to strengthen social management， law， system and mechanism， personnel and information construction.”Urban and rural planning not only discloses in the professional teaching， but also discloses in the concrete operating level and it's also a extremely comprehensive and strong work. On the curriculum system setting should require students to make profound understanding on the relevant laws， regulations and policies to the orientation of the premise， train the ability of its management organization ability and the ability to communicate， coordinate social relations.

3.3 Promote the fusion and development of cross disciplines

In strengthening the original basic knowledge and professional skills courses at the same time， they should introduce new discipline， reflect comprehensive， systematic and institutionalized teaching system. Most of the traditional urban planning professional are branches of architecture， urban planning as the running idea of “design” is deeply ingrained， but lack of student abilities in macroscopic analysis and research of the city. Under the background of the new urbanization， urban and rural planning comprehensive characteristics of professional students in addition to master the physical geography， architecture， landscape， engineering technology and other basic courses， should cultivate students the broad aspect of knowledge， with the aid of interdisciplinary knowledge and skills to know， understand and predict the city. For instance： seminar about the new urbanization， including macro and micro， all-round， multi-level and different point of view of urban study， make students pay attention to comprehensive training in a market economy transition， the change of policy laws and regulations and the humanities knowledge in areas.

3.4 Highlight sustainable development of ecology

The development process of city is sustainable， and it fuses intensive， intelligent， green， and the low carbon is the main development direction of urbanization. Professional learning process in urban and rural planning should be fully integrated ecological civilization concept and basic principle of environmental protection， strengthen the urban and regional ecological planning， stick to the basis of respecting the local natural and cultural features， and find reasonable method that can improve effectiveness and environmental quality of urban infrastructure to the utmost. Good learning coordinated development in city's environment construction， including immediate and long-term， partial and whole， efficiency and fairness， segmentation and integration of ecological relationship， understanding of ecological compensation， ecological footprint performance accountability， strategic environmental impact assessment， ecological regulatory detailed planning and other laws， regulations and policies， ensure realization of city society， economy， population， resources， and etc.

3.5 Make urban and rural development as a whole

To make urban space planning as a whole， we need to explore learning for a long time， as part of the complex system， students should be more professional vision research， reasonably planning of various levels of space structure， clear planning coordination， improve the ability of space strategy analysis. Dealing with the relationship between urban and rural areas， requires students to start from the overall situation of urban and rural development as a whole， and reasonably carry out the village layout planning， guarantee rural basic public service on the layout， and join each other services equalization so as to form all kinds of planning， efficient mechanism of joint action.

4. Research on teaching method

4.1 Pay attention to training students' thinking ability

To change the current single education，which is given priority to with skills， correct understanding and handling the relationship between teaching and learning， learn and use， according to their aptitude. To train the process of the student beginning ability， we should pay attention to the training of thinking ability， let the students have more independent thinking， independent practice for learning opportunities， to mobilize students' learning initiative and enthusiasm. Based on the actual case analysis， we can let the students understand the planning principle， in practice to use theoretical knowledge to solve practical problems， improve the learning interest and practice analysis ability and realize the interactive teaching.

4.2 Close to the reality， understand the planning required

Urban and rural planning itself has both rigid and flexible， it requires students to learn knowledge and function of planning management ， combine them together to strengthen practice teaching， raise students ability in transforming urban and rural planning professional knowledge into public decision-making， so as to guide students to participate in practice in a planned way ， through practice. To deepen perceptual knowledge， make up and correct the lack of theoretical knowledge， make the student understand knowledge in complete system. At the same time， they should pay attention to the expression of planning achievements， especially the writing power of expression.

5. the conclusion

Urban and rural planning education should give priority to both “virtual”， and “solid”. This is a general direction of the development on urban and rural planning， the urban planning education should include both planning research， planning and design simultaneously. In the era of globalization， the urban and rural planning course teaching should be open and research-oriented. Under the background of the new urbanization， the change of the urban social demand， will foster the change of the urban and rural planning and education whih aims to caltivate urban and rural planning and technical personnel. Teachers should focus on cultivating students' ability on exploration and discovery of knowledge. Mobilize students' subjective initiative， to bring more freedom of teaching atmosphere， so as to have more and greater amount of active exchanges concerning information， and achieve effective teaching effect correspondingly.

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作者簡介：王莉（1977-）女，陜西寶雞人，漢，講師，博士，研究方向：城市規劃，歷史建筑保護。