【摘要】語音、詞匯、語法是學習英語的三大要素,從高中英語語法教學來看,一直存在一些問題。基于此,本文分析了語法教學的特點,并以此為基礎,探討情景教學法在高中英語語法教學中的具體應用方式。
【關鍵詞】情景教學法;高中英語;語法教學;實踐;探索
【作者簡介】孫凌宇(1981.7.12- ),女,上海人,上海市同濟大學第一附屬中學,碩士,中教一級,研究方向:高中英語教學。
情景教學法有著悠久的歷史,誕生于上世紀20年代,相較于傳統教學法,情景教學法強調為學生的英語學習創設情景、搭建支架,讓學生能夠在特定的情景中吸收、內化知識,讓英語知識的掌握變得更加牢固,從短期記憶轉化為長期記憶。研究顯示,情景教學法的應用可以顯著提高學生的主觀能動性和課堂參與度,有助于幫助學生養成良好的學習習慣,提高他們的綜合能力與學習成績,打造出高效的教學課堂。
一、精心預設內容,選擇教學重點
英語語法的教學內容具有可調節性的特征,在授課時,要靈活增減,有效激活教材中的語法知識,在重點與難點把控上,要以學生實際作為出發點,精心預設語法教學內容,讓枯燥語法知識不再乏味,學生愿意饒有興趣的參與進來,只有這樣,才能讓語法教學做到游刃有余,提高學生的學習質量。
案例1:Read a dialogue
在牛津教材高二上Unit4語法教學部分其中一個課時中,筆者將“Only引導的部分倒裝句”作為教學重點和難點。這個知識點對于學生而言,屬于全新的語法結構,難度較高,為此,在教學時,我先利用Sam與Pauline之間的對話分析了空氣污染的問題與原因,將語法知識放置在特定的語境中,讓學生自己來感知。
Sam: Morning, Pauline. Do you get cold? You’re wearing a mask today.
Pauline: (Smile). No, it’s foggy outside and the mask is for protection against the fog.
Sam: Do you think it’ll work?
Pauline: Sure, only in this way will I feel safer enough.
Sam: I hear our government has put a lot of efforts into air pollution control and so far much process has been made.
Pauline: You’re right, but that’s far from enough. Many small enterprises are out of control and they are still making our air dirty. Only when all the enterprises become environmentally responsible can we see our clear blue sky again.
Sam: I totally agree with you there. Besides, the soaring number of cars is also the major contributing factor leading to air pollution, due to the heavy carbon emission from the cars.
Pauline: Exactly. I hope more green electric cars can be put into market as soon as possible. Only then can the air quality be improved. But before that, I do recommend you have a 3M mask like mine.
Sam: OK. I’ll follow you.
隨后,我用PPT播放了關于空氣污染的治理措施,引導學生思考和討論,鼓勵他們提出自己的建議,并用only倒裝句來表達出來,在應用的過程中做到理解和應用。通過這個步驟,學生明白了,在“Only + 副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句”結構置于句首時,句子要用部分倒裝, 部分倒裝的方式是提前部分+助動詞/be動詞/情態動詞+主語。
二、突出生活特征,促使學生主動融入
“生活是取之不盡、用之不竭的語言源泉”,如果教師能夠在生活中挖掘出適宜的語法情景,便能夠讓學生踴躍參與到語言的運用中。同時,為了讓語法教學活動變得趣味、生動,在情景的創設上,要突出生活性的特征,以學生的生活實際來出發,找到最近發展區,讓學生在生活化的情景中開展語言實踐活動,達到鞏固語法知識的目的。實踐證實,對于自己聽聞、參與過的事物,學生往往都具有濃厚的興趣,這比起所謂高大上的情景,教學成效更為理想。
依然以“Only引導的部分倒裝句”知識點的講解為例,在學生理解基本的知識點后,我為他們進一步創設了“保護視力”的情景,這個情景是學生日常生活中非常熟悉的話題,通過圖片的幫助,大家互相分享視力保護小技巧,鞏固Only引導部分倒裝句的把握與應用。
案例2:Decipher the pictures
【學習目標】
Students are free to use any of the 3 basic “only” structures to make sentences by reading the given pictures shown to make good habits of eyes hygiene.
【活動步驟】
Step 1 : The teacher shows one picture of a boy and explains how diligent he is and how less attention is paid to his own eyes, so he is heavily short-sighted now and it’s quite inconvenient to have such a pair of glasses on.
Step 2: Students are shown 4 pictures to help the boy improve his awareness of eyes health.
Step 3: Students are asked to use either of the 3 basic “only” structures to make a sentence accordingly.
Step 4: The teacher make a simple sample sentence for the students as a reference.
Only by seeing in the distance at intervals can the boy’s eyes rest for a while, so that he cannot overuse his eyes.
Possible answers:
1. We should exercise our eyes attentively at school. Only in this way can we ensure enough rest for our eyes.
2. Only by staying away from the cellphone can we put our eyes health into the first place.
3. Running makes a good habit but it takes time and efforts. We should persist and never give up. Only then can we be rewarded with good healthy body, including our eyes.
(if possible, the students can make more suggestions)
三、創設討論情景,強化學習互動
“教學過程是師生交往、共同發展的相互過程,教師應引導學生在體驗、實踐、參與、探究、合作中掌握語言知識與技能,形成自主學習的能力和有效的學習策略”。小組學習活動的開展適應了社會的發展需求,為學生提供了平等的交流情景,學生可以懷著一顆包容、開放、理解的心,漸漸走在一起,相互學習、互幫互助、共同發展。為了發揮出討論情景在教學中的作用,作為教師,要從分組、教學方法制定、教學內容選擇、教學評估等多個方面著手,關注學生的需求和興趣,從多個角度優化小組學習的質量。在小組活動的開展過程中,教師不能放任自流,而是要發揮出調節者、監控者的角色,通過參與討論、巡視合作、觀察活動的方式來進行有效管理。在小組活動中,學生往往會出現一些錯誤理解,教師要用心聆聽,幫助他們糾正錯誤,避免無效討論。
案例3:Make a dialogue
【學習目標】
Students are expected to make a diaolgue freely by using the 3 above key words and applying the 3 basic “only” structure in the dialogue.
【活動步驟】
Step 1: The teacher shows students a number of keywords that belong to a perfect character. They are : self-confident, persistant, warm-hearted, serious, organized and ballanced.
Step 2: The teacher asks the students to single out any 3 key words from above and make a short dialoque. The teacher may hint the students to use any property of the given word, such as self-confidence, seriously, etc.
Step 3:The teacher demonstrates with examples.
A: Hi, . Haven’t seen you for a while. What’s been up with you recently?
B:Well, I’ve been studying the perfect character, which can lead to a successful life.
A: I’m listening.
B: Some experts say only when you are very confident can you be more willing to face more tough challenges and thus become more successful.
A: I beg to differ. My option is that only by doing everything seriously can you see more details, which is one of the most important factors in success.
B: In fact, I think success relies on balancing myself. Only in this way can you feel satisfied in every aspect.
A: Well, I think we have to agree to disagree.
Step 4:?The teacher groups the students, then asks them to work in groups and make a dialogue accordingly.
Step 5:?The teacher asks several groups to present their dialogue.
四、結語
在高中英語教學中,語法占據著至關重要的作用,需要予以高度重視。本文提出的情景教學法,為高中英語語法教學活動的開展提供了一些思路,當然,情景的設計還有多種方式,在日常教學中,我們要潛心研究,為學生提供展示自我的空間,讓語法教學做到寓教于樂。
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