劉可欣 黃學文 徐福春 阿呷爾布 王聚樂
中圖分類號 R951 文獻標志碼 A 文章編號 1001-0408(2018)07-0995-04
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2018.07.32
摘 要 目的:分析高原肺水腫治療藥物的超適應證使用現狀,為促進高原地區各醫療機構合理用藥,建立相關管理流程提供參考。方法:以“高原肺水腫”“治療”“Altitude illness”“Treatment”等為關鍵詞,組合查詢自建庫起至2017年9月的中國知網、PubMed、Embase等數據庫,閱讀文獻后篩選提取高原肺水腫治療藥物,對比其在我國上市制劑的藥品說明書信息,并進行歸納、總結和分析。結果:歸納文獻中提及的高原肺水腫治療藥物,最終統計出硝苯地平、西地那非、他達拉非、氨茶堿等16種治療藥物,這些藥物在我國上市的相應制劑說明書中,均未查見有高原肺水腫的適應證。結論:目前普遍存在高原肺水腫治療藥物超適應證用藥現象,規范醫院超說明書用藥管理迫在眉睫。建議完善高原肺水腫治療藥物超說明書管理流程,促進藥物的合理使用。
關鍵詞 高原肺水腫;治療;藥物;超適應證用藥
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the situation of off-indication drug use of drugs for high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and to provide reference for promoting rational drug use in medical institutions of plateau area and establishing relevant management process. METHODS: By taking “HAPE” “treatment” “Altitude illness” “Treatment” as keywords, retrieving from CNKI, PubMed, Embase database during build up to Sept. 2017, drugs for HAPE were screened and extracted after reading the literatures. Drug package inserts of listed preparations were compared, summarized and analyzed. RESULTS: Drugs for HAPE in literatures were screened, and 16 kinds of drugs were summarized finally as nifedipine, sildenafil, tadalafil, aminophylline, etc. Indication of HAPE was not found in drug package inserts of those listed preparations. CONCLUSIONS: At present, there is a universal phenomenon of off-indication drug use of drugs for HAPE, and it is imminent to regulate the management of off-label drug use in the hospital. It is suggested to improve the off-label drug use management flow of drugs for HAPE so as to promote rational drug use.
KEYWORDS High altitude pulmonary edema; Treatment; Drugs; Off-indication use
高原肺水腫(High altitude pulmonary edema,HAPE)是一種特發于高原低氧環境的肺水腫,由于高原缺氧環境下肺動脈壓力增大,肺循環阻力增加,而導致肺血管內液體滲透到肺泡或者肺間質內所形成的非心源性肺水腫[1]。在我國,HAPE是高原地區(西藏、青海等地)特有的常見急重癥,其進展及變化迅速,一旦診治不及時會危及生命,對進入高原地區的人群有較大的危害[2]。HAPE治療措施主要包括氣體治療[3-4](包括氧氣治療、一氧化氮治療)和藥物治療[5]。可能由于該疾病發生的區域有限,導致目前關于HAPE治療指南較少,缺乏統一治療藥物,即使有指南[6]中提及某些藥品,也涉及到超適應證用藥現象。……