從單維到體系：大學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)能力評(píng)估指標(biāo)的國(guó)內(nèi)外進(jìn)展、爭(zhēng)議與展望

中圖分類號(hào)：G807.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A

文章編號(hào):2096-4110(2025)06(c)-0194-05

From Single Dimension to System: Domestic and International Progress， Controversies， and Prospects of Evaluation Indicators for College Students Athletic Ability

XIANG Yun

(Hubei EngineeringUniversity，Xiaogan Hubei，432Ooo，China)

Abstract:Theevaluationofcolege students'athleticabilityservesasacriticalcomponent inenancingthequalityof physical educationinhigheristitutionsunderthontextofsportsducationintegatio.Tesientifcvalidityandaplicabilityfisdictorframeworkdirectlyimpactstudents‘physicalhealthdevelopmentandtheefectivenessofthleticliteracycultivation.Througha systematicreviewofrelevantdomesticandinternationalstudies，thispaperfindsthatarlystageassessmentsprimarilyfocusedon single physiologicaldimensionssuchasphsicalfitn orskill，whereasrecentresearchasgraduallyexpanded towardmulti-dimensionalframeworks.Currentdebatescenteronisses includingthefragmentationandoe-sidednessofevaluationdimensions，the ambiguityandlagingnatureofevaluationcriteria，conflctsbetweenthelimitatiosofvaluationtechnologiesandtheirunivesality as well as assessmentgapsandinadequate adaptabiltyforspecialstudent groups.Futureresearch shouldadvance alongdirections suchasconstructinga\"tedmensioalintegrated\"evaluationindcatorframework，stablisingdaicanddiferetiatedevalutionstandards，promotingtheintegatedapplicationofemergingtechnolgiesndtraditionalmethods，andstrengtheningasst adaptabilityandpracticalintegationforspecialgroupseseefortsaimtoeveloasienificcomprehensive，ndpractalevalu ation system， providing stronger support for the effective enhancement of college students' athletic ability.

Key Words: Athletic ability; Framework construction; College students; Research status; Existing issues; Future prospects

《\"健康中國(guó)2030\"規(guī)劃綱要》將“提升學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康水平”列為教育強(qiáng)國(guó)與健康中國(guó)建設(shè)的重要抓手。我國(guó)學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，大學(xué)生群體面臨身體素質(zhì)下滑、超重肥胖率上升等突出問(wèn)題，全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)大學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康不合格率高達(dá) 30%^[1] ?！吨袊?guó)國(guó)民心理健康發(fā)展報(bào)告(2021—2022)》亦指出，大學(xué)生群體中抑郁檢出率達(dá) 21.48% 、焦慮檢出率達(dá)45.28%^[2] 。且多數(shù)學(xué)生存在運(yùn)動(dòng)技能掌握不扎實(shí)、終身體育習(xí)慣未形成、運(yùn)動(dòng)認(rèn)知存在偏差等現(xiàn)象，單純依托BMI、視力等生理指標(biāo)的傳統(tǒng)體質(zhì)健康評(píng)估，難以滿足“體教融合\"背景下學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)素養(yǎng)綜合培育的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求?，F(xiàn)有研究多聚焦身體形態(tài)、機(jī)能、素質(zhì)等生理指標(biāo)，而對(duì)涵蓋技能掌握、習(xí)慣養(yǎng)成、認(rèn)知水平的“運(yùn)動(dòng)能力\"這一復(fù)合概念，其評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系仍缺乏系統(tǒng)性整合；且國(guó)內(nèi)外研究存在明顯的文化適配性分歧——西方評(píng)估指標(biāo)多以個(gè)體競(jìng)技能力為核心，與我國(guó)“以體育人”“傳統(tǒng)體育文化傳承\(zhòng)"的育人導(dǎo)向存在邏輯差異?；诖?，本研究系統(tǒng)整合國(guó)內(nèi)外大學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)能力評(píng)估的核心指標(biāo)與實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，分析文化適配性爭(zhēng)議的關(guān)鍵癥結(jié)，旨在為構(gòu)建契合中國(guó)大學(xué)生特征、融人傳統(tǒng)體育文化的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系提供一定理論參考。

1概念界定與理論基礎(chǔ)

1.1 概念界定

《體育測(cè)量與評(píng)價(jià)》指出體質(zhì)健康是高校大學(xué)生通過(guò)《國(guó)家學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》測(cè)試所反映的生理健康水平，其具體表現(xiàn)為通過(guò)BMI、肺活量、50米跑、坐位體前屈等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試項(xiàng)目量化呈現(xiàn)的生理機(jī)能狀態(tài)，涉及心肺功能、肌肉耐力、身體成分等核心指標(biāo)[5?！?br>