王宏宇
摘要:主謂一致是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中比較簡(jiǎn)單易懂的知識(shí)點(diǎn),是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上與主語(yǔ)保持一致。本文就這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目從四個(gè)方面展開(kāi)了討論,以便讓學(xué)生更好地記憶。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法;主謂一致;解題方法
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):G632.0 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1992-7711(2014)01-0119
一、用單數(shù)的情況
1. 有些集體名詞(總稱(chēng)意義的),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
furniture, clothing, jewellery, luggage, machinery, pottery
eg: Much of the jewellery was missing.
2. 名詞所有格后的名詞常被省,指工廠、人家、店鋪等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
eg: The barbers/My uncles is on the other side of the street.
3. to do, doing作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
eg: To help you is my pleasure.
4.合成代詞some/any/no/every+thing/body/one作主語(yǔ)及each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other作主及either/neither/each/every/many a/more than one+名作主,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(none 單復(fù)數(shù)均可)
eg: More than one student has seen the film.
eg: Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
5. 由連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),若名詞前有each, every, no, many a 修飾,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
eg: No teacher and no student is here.
6. 表時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、重量、度量衡等的數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
eg: Five minutes is enough.
eg: Ten dollars is too dear.
但如強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)。eg: One hundred cents are a dollar.
二、用復(fù)數(shù)的情況
1. people, police, cattle, folk, youth等作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
eg: The police were searching for him.
2. trousers, glasses, shoes, clothes, shorts, scissors, jeans, compasses, chopsticks謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)(但若前有單位詞,由單位詞定)
eg: These trousers are made in China.
eg: This pair of trousers is made in China.
三、單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定
1. 集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語(yǔ)用單;作為成員,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)。常見(jiàn)的集體名詞有:enemy, family, public, class, team, school, club, army, government, group, audience, company, committee, crowd, crew, couple, jury, party, population, union
eg: Our class is a united one, and our class are football lovers.
eg: The population of China is large and 80 of the population of China are farmers.
2. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)意義而定,常見(jiàn)的名詞有:deer, fish, sheep, means, species, series, works, crossroads, fishes
eg: The species of fish are numerous.
eg: This species of rose is strange.
3. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作專(zhuān)有名詞、書(shū)名、劇名、報(bào)刊名、國(guó)家名等作主,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);但山脈、群島、瀑布、海峽的名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
eg: The New York Times sells well.
eg: The United States was founded in 1776.
eg: The Philipines lie to the southeast of China.
4. 以S結(jié)尾的表學(xué)科的單數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單;若學(xué)科名詞前有the/ones,表某人在某學(xué)科能力成績(jī)方面存在問(wèn)題,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
eg: Physics is a different subject.
eg: His physics are weak.
5. the+adj 表一類(lèi)人,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù);表一類(lèi)物,謂語(yǔ)用單。
eg: The old are well looked after.
eg: The new will replace the old.
eg: The young standing at the door is my brother.
6. 分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)及the rest, some, most, half, any, part, all, the remainder, plenty of, enough+of+名語(yǔ)作主,謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)名語(yǔ)數(shù)而定。
eg: A part of the land is devoted to agriculture.
eg: A part of the fields are watered.
eg: All were silent. 大家都一言不發(fā)。
eg: All was silent. 萬(wàn)籟俱寂。
7. 主語(yǔ)后有with, along with, together with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, rather than, including, combined with, accompanied by, in addition to, no less than等詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)一致。
eg: The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.
eg: He no less than you is wrong.
8. and 連接兩個(gè)名詞表同一個(gè)人或物,謂語(yǔ)用單;指不同人或物,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)。
eg: The writer and poet has been there.
eg: The writer and the poet have been there.
eg: Truth and honesty is the best policy.
eg: War and peace is a constant theme in history.
9. what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù);但若從句的賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
eg: What you said is right.
eg: What we need is a good book./ What we need are good books.
10. 由kind, form, type, sort, species, series, quantity of +名詞作主,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
eg: This kind of men is honest. / All kinds of books are good.
eg: Men of this kind are honest.
11. 定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞前有one of 時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞看先行詞;若有the only修飾,從句謂動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
eg: He is one of the students who study hard.
eg: He is the only one of the students who studies hard.
12. such, the same, the former, the latter, the following 等視其指代內(nèi)容而定。
eg: Such is our plan.
eg: Such are his books.
eg: Of pigs and cows, the former are less valuable.
四、就近一致原則
1. or, either...or , neither...nor, not only...but also, not...but連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)就近一致。
2. There, Here 引導(dǎo)的句子。
eg: There are two books.
eg: Here comes the bus.
eg: There is a book and two knives on the desk.
注意: One and a half+名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂單
More than one+名詞單數(shù),謂單
Many a+名詞單數(shù),謂單
One or two+名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂復(fù)
以上的分類(lèi)解釋比較清楚明了,筆者希望對(duì)認(rèn)為此處比較難理解的學(xué)生會(huì)有所幫助,以取得更好的成績(jī)。
(作者單位:黑龍江省雞西市第一中學(xué) 158100)