基于學(xué)生興趣點(diǎn)和生活實(shí)踐的英語(yǔ)情境教學(xué)

【關(guān)鍵詞】興趣點(diǎn);生活實(shí)踐;創(chuàng)設(shè)情境

【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.4 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】1005-6009（2015）30-0062-03

【作者簡(jiǎn)介】楊華，江蘇省洪澤外國(guó)語(yǔ)中學(xué)（江蘇洪澤，223100）教師，洪澤縣骨干教師。

【教材簡(jiǎn)析】

本單元主要學(xué)習(xí)各種禮儀規(guī)范。第一課時(shí)是Welcome to the unit，是本單元的導(dǎo)入課。它的功能是激活學(xué)生與單元話題有關(guān)的已有知識(shí)，為整個(gè)單元的學(xué)習(xí)尤其是閱讀課的學(xué)習(xí)做熱身準(zhǔn)備。這個(gè)板塊里的圖片以及卡通漫畫中可愛的Eddie和Hobo之間有趣的對(duì)話能迅速地使學(xué)生興奮起來，處于學(xué)習(xí)的積極狀態(tài)，急切地想探究整個(gè)單元。而且對(duì)于禮儀規(guī)范，學(xué)生在日常生活中耳濡目染，接觸的很多，是他們很熟悉的一個(gè)話題。因此，學(xué)生可以很快地集中注意力和興趣。同時(shí)，這節(jié)課又是一節(jié)側(cè)重訓(xùn)練聽、說的技能課。學(xué)生要學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)在公共場(chǎng)所禮儀規(guī)范的詞語(yǔ)和句型，最后能用英語(yǔ)來談?wù)撊绾卧诠矆?chǎng)所舉止得體，并且培養(yǎng)良好的文化意識(shí)、行為習(xí)慣，提高跨文化交際能力。

【目標(biāo)預(yù)設(shè)】

1.知識(shí)與技能：掌握四會(huì)詞、詞組，能用新知識(shí)編對(duì)話;并且能用英語(yǔ)談?wù)撊绾卧诠矆?chǎng)所舉止得體。

2.過程與方法：用free talk導(dǎo)入，通過創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)個(gè)連貫的情境使學(xué)生置于情境中學(xué)習(xí)，激發(fā)他們思考，提升他們的能力。

3.情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀：能分辨好壞禮儀規(guī)范，做一個(gè)有良好禮儀規(guī)范的人。

【重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)】

1.掌握四會(huì)詞、詞組。2.能用英語(yǔ)談?wù)撊绾卧诠矆?chǎng)所舉止得體。

【設(shè)計(jì)理念】

貫徹、落實(shí)“發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)科價(jià)值，發(fā)展學(xué)生學(xué)力”的教學(xué)理念，充分借助于多媒體技術(shù)創(chuàng)設(shè)具有啟發(fā)性的、能激發(fā)學(xué)生主動(dòng)探究并且貼近學(xué)生生活的情境，設(shè)計(jì)具有不同層次的任務(wù)來優(yōu)化課堂教學(xué)的模式，抓住聽說訓(xùn)練這條主線。通過實(shí)施任務(wù)型、活動(dòng)性教學(xué)，夯實(shí)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)，提高語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。同時(shí)學(xué)生要能夠積極主動(dòng)地探究獲取知識(shí)，發(fā)展能力，培養(yǎng)情感，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生參與、合作、探究的創(chuàng)新精神。

【設(shè)計(jì)思路】

1.以Free talk 導(dǎo)入，逐漸引出本節(jié)課的話題——禮儀，通過多媒體借助圖片把新詞語(yǔ)歸為兩大類來呈現(xiàn)：好的禮儀與不好的禮儀。每一組圖片呈現(xiàn)完后，師生對(duì)話操練生詞。之后通過看圖搶答、兩人小組猜詞鞏固夯實(shí)生詞、短語(yǔ)，為接下來的對(duì)話聽前訓(xùn)練埋下伏筆。

2.對(duì)教材進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和整理，先分小組討論在公共場(chǎng)所（圖書館）可以做和不可以做的事情，然后進(jìn)行呈現(xiàn)，再通過兩人一組編對(duì)話談?wù)撛谌粘Ｉ钪衅渌煌矆?chǎng)所的禮儀，為最后一部分演講做好輸入準(zhǔn)備。

3.“演講”這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)讓學(xué)生能把這節(jié)課對(duì)各種禮儀的信息進(jìn)行整合——語(yǔ)言輸出。最后讓學(xué)生通過回顧對(duì)本節(jié)課進(jìn)行反思，升華本課的主題。

【教學(xué)方法、策略與學(xué)情分析】

這節(jié)課的授課對(duì)象是八年級(jí)的學(xué)生。他們進(jìn)入初中后已經(jīng)有了一定的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)積累，并且也掌握了一些基本的學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的策略和方法。語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)興趣相對(duì)來說比較穩(wěn)定，語(yǔ)言思維上更敏捷、穩(wěn)重，有一定的表達(dá)欲望。教師要做的就是創(chuàng)造盡可能多的機(jī)會(huì)讓他們進(jìn)行聽說訓(xùn)練，最終讓他們運(yùn)用目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言來表達(dá)自己，培養(yǎng)他們綜合應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言的能力。基于這樣的學(xué)情， 這節(jié)課主要用了情景教學(xué)法和任務(wù)型教學(xué)， 逐步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生主動(dòng)探究。

【教學(xué)過程】

Step 1 lead-in：Free talk

Show my impression on the students and a short introduction of myself.

Step 2 Presentation

（加PPT1）No.1 photo album：Yesterday morning， Maggie said：“Mummy，how about going to the supermarket？I havent been there for a long time. Please！”Then we were on the way to the supermarket. What is she doing？（She is waiting for the green light.）Is she running the red light？（No，she isnt.）Can we run the red light？（No，we cant.）We must obey traffic rules. By the way， can we play on the road？If old people are crossing the street， what shall we do？（We should help them cross the street.） Do you think Maggie is a good girl？（Yes，she is.） Can you say something to her， and Im sure shell be glad to hear that.“Maggie，well done！We should also ...（wait for the green light and obey traffic rules.） ?They are good manners.”

No.2 photo album：Here we were in the supermarket. Maggie bought herself her favorite biscuit. What is she doing？She is waiting politely and queue for her turn. Should we queue for our turn？Can we jump the queue？Do you think Maggie has good manners？Lets say something to her just like just now. “Maggie， good job！We should also...（wait politely and queue for our turn）.”

No.3 photo album：When we left the supermarket，she came up with another idea.“Mummy，lets go to the square for fun.”As soon as we got to the square，she rushed to wash the hands， but she didnt turn off the tap. She left the tap running. Can we leave the tap running？What should we do？We should save water， because many people in the world cant get enough water. The reason why she left the tap running is that she couldnt wait to eat her favorite biscuit. Look，whats on the ground？ Rubbish. She threw rubbish everywhere. Or she dropped litter everywhere. Can we drop litter everywhere？What should we do？We should drop litter into the rubbish bin. After eating up her food， she was missing. I couldnt find her. Look at the picture， what is she doing？She is picking the flowers. Can we pick flowers？No，we should protect them. Even the flowers may hurt. We should protect them and protect the environment. Do you think Maggie has good manners？No. So you should tell her，“Maggie， you shouldnt leave the tap running. You shouldnt drop litter everywhere. You shouldnt pick flowers.”

（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過Free talk開始本節(jié)課，聯(lián)系學(xué)生實(shí)際創(chuàng)設(shè)真切的語(yǔ)境，逐漸引出本節(jié)課的話題——禮儀。在語(yǔ)境中教授新單詞，可以降低生詞難度，學(xué)生易于接受，激發(fā)了學(xué)生對(duì)本單元學(xué)習(xí)的興趣，增進(jìn)了師生間、學(xué)生間的相互了解。）

Step 3 ?Practice 1

Test 1：You have told Maggie her good manners and bad manners. Now its her turn. She wants to check whether you have mastered the new words and phrases：“stand and say.”Say the phrase about each picture.

Test 2：Lets play a guessing game. You must obey game rules.

Rule 1：Each group will choose 2 students. One can say or act about the picture， and the other will guess the phrase in given time.

Rule 2：Dont say any word in the phrase.

I will give you an example. I need a partner.

（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中適當(dāng)?shù)挠螒蚩梢哉{(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的興趣，使學(xué)生樂于參與各種英語(yǔ)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。兩人一組猜詞語(yǔ)的游戲，及時(shí)鞏固了前面環(huán)節(jié)呈現(xiàn)的新知識(shí)，調(diào)動(dòng)了學(xué)生參與課堂活動(dòng)的積極性，同時(shí)又提高了學(xué)生參與合作、交流的能力; 更重要的是為下面的任務(wù)掃除生詞障礙。）

Step 4 practice 2

1.Before listening：

My daughter Maggie likes reading very much. Every day， she reads books. Her favorite stories are Cinderella and the Snow White. Girls like the stories of that kind. She wants to go to the library. Before she goes there， she wants to say something to you：“I have never been to the library before. Can you tell me： What should I do？What should I not do？” Work in a group and have a discussion.

2.While listening ：Listen and fill in the table.

Our friend Amy and Shirley are also talking about manners in the library. Listen to the dialogue between Amy and Shirley and fill in the table.

3.After listening： Read the dialogue in roles and make a similar dialogue.

Step 5 Practice 3

We are talking about manners. What about our friend Eddie and Hobo？

1.Listen and answer questions： What are they talking about？

2.Read the dialogue together and answer more questions.

（1）What are the good manners in Eddies mind？

（2）Do you think Eddie really wants to teach Hobo？What does he want from Hobo？

（3）What does“never too old to learn” mean in Chinese？

（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求學(xué)生始終在課堂上占主體地位。這節(jié)課是以訓(xùn)練學(xué)生聽說技能為主要任務(wù)的課型。聽對(duì)話完成表格、分角色朗讀對(duì)話以及學(xué)生自己編對(duì)話，任務(wù)形式多樣，難度層層遞進(jìn)，每個(gè)任務(wù)都是在為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造盡可能多的聽說機(jī)會(huì)，讓每個(gè)學(xué)生都能積極主動(dòng)地參與到課堂中來，學(xué)有所得，獲得成就感。）

Step 6 Production： make a speech

“never too old to learn” means that we should keep learning during our lives. Eddie says，“You are old enough to learn about manners.” Boys and girls， I think you are clever enough to learn about manners.

As for learning，I think travelling is a good way. As the saying goes： the man who travels far knows more or its better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books. So I am going to travel next month. And Ill take Maggie with me. But she wants to ask you for help： Yohoo！Summer holiday is coming. Mummy is going to take me to Nanjing for a holiday. Can you give me some advice on manners？ （加PPT2）

Each group will talk about manners in one place or several public places and then choose a “Manners guide” to show.

（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：演講的設(shè)計(jì)遵循學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的規(guī)律即語(yǔ)言的輸入到語(yǔ)言輸出，讓學(xué)生把已學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行整合轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際能力，既強(qiáng)化了目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言，真正做到了學(xué)以致用，又不失時(shí)機(jī)地為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造了互相學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。）

Step 7 Watch a video

We have learned a lot about manners in different public places today. Actually， different countries have different manners. And different manners have different meanings. Do you want to see it？Lets enjoy a video.

We should be a person with good manners; inherit（傳承）our culture and respect（尊重） the culture of other countries. When in Rome， do as Romans do.

（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：語(yǔ)言有豐富的文化內(nèi)涵，在課堂上除了教授語(yǔ)言外，還應(yīng)當(dāng)適時(shí)、適度地滲透相關(guān)的文化知識(shí)教育。這一環(huán)節(jié)讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到不同的國(guó)家有不同的禮儀，要尊重其他國(guó)家的文化，更要熱愛自己的國(guó)家，傳承自己國(guó)家的文化，做一個(gè)有禮儀的人，從而升華本課的主題，實(shí)現(xiàn)情感目標(biāo)的教育。）

Step 8 Homework

1.Remember the new words and phrases by heart.

2.Make“a manners wall” and stick it to the walls of the classroom.

（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：設(shè)置這樣的家庭作業(yè)，既可以鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生課后操練英語(yǔ)，又與課堂上小組討論有機(jī)結(jié)合，頗有些余音繞梁的效果。）

（注：楊華執(zhí)教的“Good manners”第一課時(shí)獲2015年“杏壇杯”蘇派青年教師課堂教學(xué)展評(píng)活動(dòng)一等獎(jiǎng)）