陳瑞琳,張程程,吳 樺,楊淑梅
·藥物與臨床·
重組人血管內(nèi)皮抑制素注射液聯(lián)合順鉑注射液胸腔灌注治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌惡性胸腔積液的臨床療效觀察
陳瑞琳,張程程,吳 樺,楊淑梅
710068陜西省西安市,陜西省人民醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)一科
【摘要】目的觀察重組人血管內(nèi)皮抑制素注射液聯(lián)合順鉑注射液胸腔灌注治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌惡性胸腔積液的臨床療效。方法選取2011—2014年陜西省人民醫(yī)院收治的晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌惡性胸腔積液患者90例,隨機分為對照組與治療組,每組45例。對照組患者予以順鉑注射液胸腔灌注治療,治療組患者予以重組人血管內(nèi)皮抑制素注射液聯(lián)合順鉑注射液胸腔灌注治療;兩組患者均連續(xù)治療3周。比較兩組患者臨床療效、生活質(zhì)量、治療前后免疫功能指標(biāo)〔自然殺傷(NK)細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、T細(xì)胞亞群細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)及細(xì)胞比值)〕及毒副作用發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果治療組患者臨床療效優(yōu)于對照組(P<0.05)。治療組患者生活質(zhì)量優(yōu)于對照組(P<0.05)。治療前兩組患者NK細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)及細(xì)胞比值比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后治療組患者NK細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)及細(xì)胞比值高于對照組,細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)低于對照組(P<0.05)。兩組患者發(fā)熱、惡心嘔吐、乏力、白細(xì)胞和/或血小板計數(shù)減少發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論重組人血管內(nèi)皮抑制素注射液聯(lián)合順鉑注射液胸腔灌注治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌惡性胸腔積液的臨床療效確切,可有效改善患者的生活質(zhì)量,增強患者的免疫功能,且安全性高。
【關(guān)鍵詞】癌,非小細(xì)胞肺;胸腔積液,惡性;順鉑;重組人血管內(nèi)皮抑制素;治療結(jié)果
陳瑞琳,張程程,吳樺,等.重組人血管內(nèi)皮抑制素注射液聯(lián)合順鉑注射液胸腔灌注治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌惡性胸腔積液的臨床療效觀察[J].實用心腦肺血管病雜志,2016,24(5):118-120.[www.syxnf.net]
Chen RL,Zhang CC,Wu H,et al.Clinical effect of pleural perfusion of human recombinant endostatin injection combined with cisplatin injection on advanced non-small cell lung cancer complicated with malignant pleural effusion[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(5):118-120.
惡性胸腔積液是晚期惡性腫瘤常見的并發(fā)癥,也是導(dǎo)致晚期惡性腫瘤患者死亡的主要原因之一[1]。晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌是導(dǎo)致惡性胸腔積液的重要原因,約占40%[2]。惡性胸腔積液能誘發(fā)呼吸困難及胸痛等癥狀,極大地影響了患者的呼吸功能,加速了患者的病情進(jìn)展,嚴(yán)重時會因呼吸循環(huán)衰竭而導(dǎo)致患者死亡[3]。已往常采用利尿、限鹽或穿刺引流等方法治療惡性胸腔積液,但治療效果不理想。有研究表明,腫瘤浸潤胸膜后局部新血管生成及血管滲透性增加是胸腔積液的主要發(fā)病機制[4]。本研究旨在觀察重組人血管內(nèi)皮抑制素注射液聯(lián)合順鉑注射液胸腔灌注治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌惡性胸腔積液的臨床療效,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料選取2011—2014年陜西省人民醫(yī)院收治的晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌惡性胸腔積液患者90例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)經(jīng)細(xì)胞學(xué)或病理學(xué)檢查確診為非小細(xì)胞肺癌;(2)胸腔積液為中量至大量,且積液中可見癌細(xì)胞;(3)Karnofsky(KPS)評分≥60分;(4)預(yù)期生存時間>3個月;(5)自愿參與本研究,并簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)存在化療禁忌證者;(2)重要臟器功能不全、全身系統(tǒng)性疾病者;(3)精神疾病、意識障礙者;(4)其他惡性腫瘤者;(5)妊娠期及哺乳期婦女。將所有患者隨機分為對照組與治療組,每組45例。對照組中男27例,女18例;年齡45~76歲,平均年齡(60.8±7.5)歲;腺癌28例,鱗癌17例。治療組中男26例,女19例;年齡44~75歲,平均年齡(60.6±7.2)歲;腺癌29例,鱗癌16例。兩組患者性別(χ2=0.046)、年齡(t=0.129)及腫瘤類型(χ2=0.048)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2方法
1.2.1胸腔灌注方法兩組患者通過B超等影像學(xué)設(shè)備輔助定位后行胸腔穿刺術(shù),并準(zhǔn)確置入單腔中心靜脈導(dǎo)管,行胸腔積液引流;采用分次逐步方式引流,并根據(jù)患者實際情況和耐受程度調(diào)節(jié)引流量,500~1 000 ml/次,至無胸腔積液流出后通過導(dǎo)管灌注給藥。
1.2.2治療組治療組患者予以重組人血管內(nèi)皮抑制素注射液(山東煙臺先聲麥得津生物工程股份有限公司生產(chǎn),國藥準(zhǔn)字S20050088)聯(lián)合順鉑注射液(江蘇豪森藥業(yè)股份有限公司生產(chǎn),國藥準(zhǔn)字H20010743)胸腔灌注治療:順鉑注射液40 mg/m2+0.9%氯化鈉溶液40 ml,2次/周;重組人血管內(nèi)皮抑制素注射液45 mg,2次/周。
1.2.3對照組對照組患者予以順鉑注射液胸腔灌注治療,用法用量同治療組。主管醫(yī)生囑患者每次灌注治療后按時變換體位以促進(jìn)藥物與胸膜表面充分接觸、有效吸收,兩組患者均連續(xù)治療3周。

1.4評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(1)臨床療效[5],完全緩解:患者胸腔積液完全吸收,癥狀緩解并至少維持4周以上;部分緩解:患者胸腔積液減少≥50%,癥狀緩解并維持4周以上;穩(wěn)定:患者胸腔積液減少<50%,無增加趨勢,并維持4周以上;無效:患者胸腔積液增加>25%。(2)采用KPS評分評定患者的生活質(zhì)量,改善:KPS評分增加≥10分;穩(wěn)定:KPS評分增加<10分;降低:KPS評分降低≥10分。

2結(jié)果
2.1臨床療效治療組患者臨床療效優(yōu)于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(u=2.938,P<0.05,見表1)。

表1 兩組患者臨床療效比較〔n(%)〕
2.2生活質(zhì)量治療組患者生活質(zhì)量優(yōu)于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(u=2.709,P<0.05,見表2)。

表2 兩組患者生活質(zhì)量比較〔n(%)〕
2.4毒副作用兩組患者發(fā)熱、惡心嘔吐、乏力、白細(xì)胞和/或血小板計數(shù)減少發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表4)。

表3 兩組患者免疫功能指標(biāo)比較±s)
注:NK=自然殺傷
表4兩組患者毒副作用發(fā)生率比較〔n(%)〕
Table 4Comparison of incidence of toxic and side effects between the two groups

組別例數(shù)發(fā)熱惡心嘔吐乏力白細(xì)胞和/或血小板計數(shù)減少對照組457(15.6)16(35.6)9(20.0)15(33.3)治療組454(8.9)12(26.7)6(13.3)10(22.2)χ2值0.9320.8300.7201.385P值>0.05>0.05>0.05>0.05
3討論
惡性胸腔積液是指由于肺癌或其他部位惡性腫瘤發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移而累及胸膜或原發(fā)于胸膜的腫瘤導(dǎo)致的異常胸膜腔積液[6]。正常人體胸膜腔內(nèi)約有5 ml的微量滑液,在呼吸運動過程中起潤滑作用;健康成人胸膜腔內(nèi)每天產(chǎn)生約500 ml的滑液,且產(chǎn)生和吸收處于動態(tài)平衡狀態(tài);惡性腫瘤致使胸膜腔內(nèi)液體形成過快或吸收過緩,最終導(dǎo)致胸腔積液[7]。非小細(xì)胞肺癌的發(fā)病率和病死率居惡性腫瘤的首位,其中超過25%的肺癌患者并發(fā)惡性胸腔積液[8],故探尋一種有效的聯(lián)合用藥方案對治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌惡性胸腔積液具有重要的臨床意義。
腫瘤細(xì)胞、間皮細(xì)胞及免疫細(xì)胞分泌的血管內(nèi)皮生長因子增多,增加了血管通透性,最終導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞的遷移以及新血管的生成[9]。以往臨床主要采用化療藥物胸腔灌注治療惡性胸腔積液,將順鉑注射液采用胸腔內(nèi)灌注的方式給藥能提高局部藥物濃度,從而發(fā)揮更有效的抗癌作用;同時順鉑注射液在胸壁兩層胸膜間易形成化學(xué)性炎癥,可在一定程度上控制胸腔積液的產(chǎn)生[10]。重組人血管內(nèi)皮抑制素屬于血管抑制類新生物制品,其主要通過抑制形成血管的內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞遷移而抑制腫瘤新血管的生成,可有效地阻斷腫瘤的營養(yǎng)供給,從而達(dá)到抑制腫瘤增殖或轉(zhuǎn)移的目的;新血管生成和血管內(nèi)皮生長因子異常升高是惡性胸腔積液發(fā)生、發(fā)展的重要機制,故重組人血管內(nèi)皮抑制素成為治療惡性胸腔積液的有效藥物之一[11]。

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(本文編輯:李潔晨)
Clinical Effect of Pleural Perfusion of Human Recombinant Endostatin Injection Combined With Cisplatin Injection on Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Complicated With Malignant Pleural Effusion
CHENRui-lin,ZHANGCheng-cheng,WUHua,etal.
TheFirstDepartmentofRespiratoryMedicine,thePeople′sHospitalofShaanxiProvince,Xi′an710068,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of pleural perfusion of human recombinant endostatin injection combined with cisplatin injection on advanced non-small cell lung cancer complicated with malignant pleural effusion.MethodsA total of 90 advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients complicated with malignant pleural effusion were selected in the People′s Hospital of Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2014,and they were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,each of 45 cases.Patients of control group received pleural perfusion of cisplatin injection,while patients of treatment group received pleural perfusion of human recombinant endostatin injection combined with cisplatin injection;both groups continuously treated for 3 weeks.Clinical effect,quality of life,index of immunological function(including NK cell cell cell cell percentage and cell ratio) before and after treatment,and incidence of toxic and side effects were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe clinical effect and quality of life of treatment group was statistically significantly better than that of control group,respectively(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of NK cell cell cell cell percentage or cell ratio was found between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,NK cell cell cell percentage and cell ratio of treatment group were statistically significantly higher than those of control group,while cell percentage of treatment group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of pyrexia,nausea or vomiting,lacking in strength,white blood cell count decrease or blood platelet count decrease was found between the two groups(P>0.05).ConclusionPleural perfusion of human recombinant endostatin injection combined with cisplatin injection has certain clinical effect in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer complicated with malignant pleural effusion,can effectively improve the quality of life and immunologic function,and is safe.
【Key words】Carcinoma,non-small-cell lung;Pleural effusion,malignant;Cisplatin;Recombinant human endostatin;Treatment outcome
【中圖分類號】R 730.26
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼】B
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.05.033
(收稿日期:2016-01-09;修回日期:2016-05-10)