李軍 劉佳玉 李義庭
[摘要] 目的 以北京市S醫科大學為例,了解護生對臨終關懷的認知情況,為護理專業開展臨終關懷教育提供依據。 方法 問卷調查與個人訪談相結合。就對臨終關懷的了解程度、對臨終關懷照護的態度、對開展生命和死亡教育的態度和臨終關懷事業發展目前存在的問題和建議等,于2017年5月對北京市S醫科大學在校護生(包括大一39人,大二28人,大三50人)進行個人訪談(遴選其中12人)和問卷調查。 結果 大一和大三護生對臨終關懷了解程度、死亡教育了解程度差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。護生們對開展死亡教育的必要程度態度得分為(3.27±0.76)分,但只對臨終關懷定義的答題正確率為63.2%。 結論 目前關于死亡及臨終關懷教育的教學時長和形式尚有待改進,建議應根據護生性別、宗教信仰等差異,針對性和系統性地實施臨終關懷教育。
[關鍵詞] 護生;臨終關懷;態度;認知
[中圖分類號] R47 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)04(a)-0059-04
Investigation and analysis of awareness of hospice care in nursing students
LI Jun LIU Jiayu LI Yiting
Institution of Hospital Management, Capital Research Bases of Health Management and Policy, School of Health Management and Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the cognition of hospice care in nursing students, and provide reference for the curriculum design of education on the death and hospice care, taking medical university S as an example. Methods Combination of questionnaire and in-depth interview. Besides in-depth interviews to recruited 12 nursing students, questionnaires were surveyed among nursing students (including 39 students in Grade 1, 28 students in Grade 2, and 50 students in Grade 3), which about the knowledge of hospice care, attitude for death and advises of the development of hospice care in May, 2017. Results There was statistically significant difference in Grade 3 and Grade 1 of nursing students′ on understanding of both hospice care and death education (P < 0.05). Through the score of the thought that death education was very necessary was (3.27±0.76) scores, only the accuracy about the concept of hospice care was 63.2%. Conclusion It should improve the course duration and the teaching models about the education of hospice care, and teach in diverse way according to genders, religions and so on of the nursing students targeted and systematically.
[Key words] Nursing students; Hospice care; Attitude; Cognition
臨終關懷[1]是指減少患者的身心痛苦,維護臨終患者的尊嚴,同時給予患者家屬精神上的支持,提高患者的生活質量。臨終關懷強調把醫療、治療(cure)轉變為照護(care),在這一過程中護理人員的作用不可小覷。護理專業學生(簡稱“護生”)是護理從業隊伍的重要組成部分,是未來臨終關懷服務的直接提供者,其對于臨終關懷和死亡的認知程度,將直接影響到臨終關懷的發展和服務質量。姚秋麗等[2]認為接受過臨終關懷教育的護生在走上護理崗位后應對晚期患者可以更加得心應手。盡管目前高校開設的護理倫理學已涉及臨終關懷內容,但缺乏系統性、規范性。本研究以北京市S醫科大學為例,通過問卷調查和訪談的方法對全體護理專業在校生(由于護理專業學生大四和大五階段已經進入臨床,所以在校生只包括大一至大三3個年級學生)的臨終關懷認知水平進行調查,旨在為護理專業學生開展臨終關懷和相關課程教育提供依據。
1 對象與方法
1.1 研究對象
本研究以北京市S醫科大學為例,以該校在校全體護生及護理專業教師作為研究對象。
1.2 研究方法