李學峰 岳奇

摘要:北極的安全與穩定具有重要的全球意義。歐盟作為北極域外行為體,為保障其在北極地區的地緣政治、航道貿易、能源安全與生態環境的潛在利益,出臺了一系列北極政策文件。在2008年《歐盟與北極地區》、2012年《歐盟的北極政策:2008年至今的進展及未來的行動》與2016年《歐盟北極政策建議》的基礎上,提出了歐盟北極政策三大優先發展領域:氣候變化與環境保護、可持續發展、國際合作。為適應北極國際博弈與地緣政治形勢變化,歐盟新北極政策將會把關注重點放在“綠色”“平衡”與“合作”,旨在促進北極地區可持續的綠色發展,平衡歐盟內部與外部的利益紛爭,通過開展國際合作維護北極的和平與穩定。歐盟北極政策的發展演變與未來趨勢研判也可為同為北極域外國家的中國深度參與北極治理提供有益借鑒。
關鍵詞:歐盟;北極政策;環境保護;可持續發展;中歐合作
中圖分類號:F112.2;P74文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1005-9857(2021)11-0034-08
The Development Evolution and Future Prospect of EU Arctic Policy LI Xuefeng,YUE Qi
(National Ocean Technology Center,Tianjin 300112,China)
Abstract:The security and stability of the Arcti is of great global significance. As a non-Arctic actor, the EU has issued a series of Arctic policy documents to safeguard its potential interests in geopolitics,shipping route trade,energy security and ecological environment in the Arctic region. From "the European Union and the Arctic Region(2008)","Developing a European Union Policy towards the Arctic Region: Progress since 2008 and Next Steps(2012)", to"An Integrated European Union Policy for the Arctic ((2016)”,EU has determined three priority areas of its Arctic policy: climate change and safeguarding the Arctic environment, sustainable devel-opment in and around the Arctic, and international cooperation on Arctic issues. In order to adapt to the latest changes in the Arctic, the EU will introduce its new Arctic policy focusing on “Green”,“Balance”and“Cooperation”, aiming to promote sustainable green development in the Arctic region, balance the conflicts of interestswithin and outside the EU, and maintain peace and stability in the Arctic region through international cooperation. The research on the develop-ment evolution and future trends of the EU's Arctic policy can also provide useful reference for China to participate in Arctic governance.
Keywords:EU,Arctic policy,Environmental protection, Sustainable development, China-EU co-operation
0引言
隨著全球氣候變化對北極的顯著影響,北極地區的地緣政治、軍事安全、經濟貿易、航道通行、資源開發、科學考察與環境保護價值不斷提升,受到國際社會如環北極國家、近北極國家、北極利益攸關國的普遍關注與高度重視[1]。歐盟作為身份特殊的北極域外行為體,與北極在地理、經濟、環境保護等諸多方面有著千絲萬縷的緊密聯系[2]。從地理位置角度來看,歐盟擁有北極領土,其多個成員國已深度參與北極事務。環北極8國中,丹麥、瑞典與芬蘭具有歐盟成員國與北極理事會正式成員雙重身份,挪威和冰島為歐洲經濟區成員國,格陵蘭是歐盟的海外領地,歐盟成員國中德國、法國、意大利、西班牙、荷蘭和波蘭是北極理事會觀察員國。……