郭廣春
摘 要:小學數學是義務教育階段重要的基礎學科,對于學生的思維培養、創新能力都有著積極的意義。在教學實踐中,我們常常用到問題情境創設的方法來引入課堂,加強課堂的“可讀性”,促進學生更好地理解內容。問題情境是一種具有體驗性、引導性和靈活性的體驗情感式教學引入方法,在小學數學教學中既符合小學生的認知規律,能促進數學內容的具象化和模塊化,同時也有利于教師再審視自己的教學責任,更好地實現新課標教育要求。當問題情境創設運用到小學數學教育教學中時,難免會遇到方法守舊、可操作性不強,形式古板、趣味性缺少,內容渙散、針對性不強等問題。針對這些矛盾,我們提出了在教學中加強思考的循序漸進,促進生活場景的融合,同時注意情境主題的具體化和針對性,從各方面促進小學數學教育教學與問題情境創設更有效地融合,提升教學實效性。
關鍵詞:小學數學;教育教學;問題情境
【中圖分類號】G623.5 【文獻標識碼】A 【文章編號】1005-8877(2021)22-0133-02
【Absrtact】primary school mathematics is an important basic subject in compulsory education stage,which has positive significance for students' thinking cultivation and innovation. In teaching practice,we often use the method of problem situation creation to introduce the classroom,strengthen the "readability" of the classroom,and promote the students to understand the content better. The problem situation is a kind of experience emotion teaching introduction method with experience,guidance and flexibility. It not only accords with the cognitive law of primary school students in mathematics teaching,but also promotes the concrete and modularization of mathematics content. At the same time,it is helpful for teachers to re-examine their teaching responsibilities and better realize the standard education. When the problem situation is created and applied to mathematics education and teaching in primary school,it is inevitable to encounter problems such as conservative method,weak maneuverability,old-fashioned form,lack of interest,lax content and weak pertinence. In view of these contradictions,we put forward to strengthen the gradual thinking in teaching,to promote the integration of life scenes,and to pay attention to the concretization and pertinence of situational themes. From all aspects to promote primary school mathematics education teaching and problem situation creation more effective integration,improve teaching effectiveness.
【Keywords】primary school mathematics;education and teaching;problem situation.
新課改越來越崇尚學生綜合素質的培養。而數學學科作為一門集抽象和邏輯于一體的學科,更對學生的數學素養有著不小的要求。在實踐教學中,問題情境的教學經常被引入。本文將從問題情境的概念及原則談起,探討其在小學數學教學中應用的必要性,并剖析其結合存在的問題,提出在小學數學教育教學中進行有效的問題情境創設的方針策略。
1.問題情境的概念及原則
(1)問題情境的概念
“情”與“境”的組合通過兩個字生動概括了“情境”的內涵:感情的渲染性和經歷的模擬性。情境旨在將人代入具體的事件或場景中,真實感受人物的歷程和思考,擁有更生動的情感體驗。情境的創設在教育學中是不斷被探討的話題,而“問題情境”則是將它的內容繼續擴散和延伸,探究如何通過問題引導的方式探入情境,實現情境趣味度和沉浸感的進一步提升。教育工作者們漸漸開始意識到,問題情境在中小學教育中的潛能和可利用性。
(2)創設問題情境的原則
在教育教學中創設問題情境,成為了眾多教師們開始嘗試和探索的途徑。然而問題情境的創設,也有豐富的理論支撐和方法依托,需要我們遵循正確的原則。其一,問題情境創設具有“體驗性”,即被創設者應當在情境中有充分的體驗感。其二,問題情境創設還應當具有“引導性”,具有引導傾聽者進入自己所講主題和內容的作用。再者,問題情境創設還需具有“靈活性”,即圍繞教學目標可以有豐富的可能性,在實際操作上可以根據具體教學場景靈活變換。