非常態下城市生鮮農產品供給保障協同分析

摘 要：在重大事故災害等非常狀態下，如何保障城市生鮮農產品供給，是需要切實解決的民生問題。城市生鮮農產品對外依賴度大，政府對生鮮農產品的運輸、配送、銷售缺少掌控力，城區農批市場不斷受到擠壓，非常態下生鮮農產品供給出現市場失靈和政府失靈。城市生鮮農產品供給保障需要多元主體間的有效協同，提升生鮮農產品的流通效率，確保城市生鮮農產品一定的自給率和可控的貨源，保障極端情況下基礎農產品的供給。建議提升城市生鮮農產品流通渠道的可控性，成立國企為主、民企為輔的城市應急保障聯合體，出臺非常態下生鮮農產品保供政策，確保非常時期的政策協同。

關鍵詞：非常態；生鮮農產品；城市；供給保障

中圖分類號：F206 文獻標志碼：A" " "文章編號：1005-9679（2024）01-00-05

Collaborative Analysis of Urban Produce Supply Guarantee in Abnormal Conditions

JIANG Qijun WANG Mengyuan

（School of Economics and Management， Shanghai Ocean University， Shanghai 201306， China）

Abstract：In emergency situations ，how to guarantee the supply of fresh agricultural products in city is a livelihood issue that needs to be effectively solved. Urban fresh agricultural products are highly dependent on external sources， and the government lacks control over the transportation， distribution and sales of fresh agricultural products. The urban farm-batch market is constantly being squeezed， and the supply of fresh agricultural products under abnormal conditions has market failure and government failure. The supply guarantee of urban fresh agricultural products requires effective coordination between multiple subjects， improves the circulation efficiency of fresh agricultural products， ensures a certain self-sufficiency rate and controllable supply of urban fresh agricultural products， and ensures the supply of basic agricultural products in extreme circumstances. Suggested that improve the controllability of the circulation channels of fresh agricultural products in cities， establish an urban emergency guarantee consortium dominated by state-owned enterprises and supplemented by private enterprises， and introduce the policy of fresh agricultural products supply guarantee under abnormal conditions to ensure policy coordination in emergency times.

Key words： abnormal; fresh agricultural products; city; supply guarantee

0 引言

2021年習近平總書記指出：“對我們這樣一個大國來說，保障好初級產品供給是一個重大的戰略性問題。”生鮮農產品屬于初級產品，也叫鮮活農產品，如新鮮蔬菜、時鮮瓜果和鮮活水產品等，是生活必需品。生鮮農產品具有體積大、易腐爛、流通損耗高、不便長期保存、即時需求量大、價值高但價格低等特點。生鮮農產品關乎到人民的基本生活保障問題和安全問題，城市生鮮農產品供給和城市土地使用、交通、垃圾處置等問題緊密相連，城市一般構建了以農產品批發市場、城市物流、標準化菜場、賣場商超、實體零售、網上購物、社區網點以及電商相結合的城市生鮮農產品供給體系。……