廖道文+符彬文
【摘 要】本文以高中英語人教版選修模塊七第三單元中投訴信的仿寫教學課例為例,闡述了英語范文仿寫教學的基本思路,嘗試解決英語范文仿寫教學中的兩個關鍵問題:即仿什么? 寫什么?旨在探索高中英語寫作教學的有效途徑,提高高中英語寫作教學的效率。
【關鍵詞】寫作教學 范文 仿寫 思路
【中圖分類號】G 【文獻標識碼】A
【文章編號】0450-9889(2017)02B-0118-04
何謂范文仿寫?“仿”就是模仿,“寫”就是寫作。范文仿寫就是“仿+寫”,即模仿他人的文章進行寫作。
為探索高中英語寫作教學的有效途徑,分享與交流高中英語寫作教學的經驗,北海市第七中學老師符彬文提出“三仿二寫五步驟”的教學思路:即仿什么?寫什么?怎樣仿?怎樣寫?下面以本節課為例,闡述英語范文仿寫教學的基本思路。
一、“仿寫”課堂呈現
【Step 1】呈現范文
教師從自己一次網購經歷(商家發錯貨)入手,引入話題,提問學生:If you were me, what would you do? 學生給出不同的答案。最后教師向學生展示了自己的投訴信:
Dear Sir,
Im writing to express my dissatisfaction with the dress I ordered from your store. After receiving the packet, I found there was something wrong. First,you promised the packet would reach me in three days,but in fact it was delayed by two days. Whats worse,you sent me a wrong size. Therefore,I sincerely hope you can mail the packets earlier next time and I am eager to know whether you can replace it for a right one. I would appreciate that if you could take my complaint into consideration. I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Lisa
設計意圖:教師通過創設情境,用“我的一次淘寶經歷”引入話題,為學生提供仿寫材料,又讓學生覺得老師沒有脫離他們的生活圈,引起他們對本節課的興趣。
【Step 2】解讀范文
教師通過設計如下幾個問題引導學生閱讀、分析和理解范文內容。
①What kind of letter is it?
②Why does Lisa write the letter?
③Why does Lisa complain about the packet?
④What are Lisas requirements?
設計意圖:教師通過設問,引導學生解讀范文,為學生寫作“仿內容”打下基礎。
【Step 3】歸納文體
教師通過設計以下幾個問題,引導學生提煉文章的結構。
①How many parts does a letter of complaints usually have?What are they?
(Six parts. Heading,inside address,salutation,body,complimentary close and signature)
②What does the body of the letter of complaints mainly deal with?
(It deals with the purpose of writing the letter,the problems and the requirements)
設計意圖:教師引導學生進一步解讀文本,分析其體裁、歸納其結構,訓練學生語言表達的條理性和層次性,為學生寫作“仿結構”做好鋪墊。
【Step 4】提煉詞句
1.給原句“找替身”。要求學生先根據投訴信正文部分 3個方面內容(purpose,problems and requirements)找出其原句,然后讓學生討論,并說出類似的表達方式(見表 1)。
2.要求學生找出文章中的過渡詞,并說明其用法,然后讓學生說出其它的過渡詞。
詞。如:first,but,Whats worse.therefore,and,so,in addition,Whats more.…etc
3.要求學生閱讀下列句子,注意其語氣。
(1)I sincerely hope you can mail the packets earlier next time.
(2)I am eager to know whether you can replace it for a right one.
(3)I would appreciate it if you could take my complaint into consideration.
4.讓學生說出其它一些表示禮貌、委婉客氣的句式。如:I do hope…,I wonder if you can…,I would like to…,If I were you … I would…,I would be grateful if you …,I would appreciate it if…etc.
設計意圖:教師設計了“找替身,找過渡詞,體會語氣句”等活動,既培養了學生的發散思維能力,又訓練了學生語言表達的豐富性,連貫性和得體性,為學生寫作“仿語言”打好腳手架。
【Step 5】小結(How to write a letter of complaints)
How can you write a letter of complaints?You can write it by imitating the content,structure and language of my letter.The body of a letter of complaints usually includes three aspects.The first deals with the purpose of writing the letter.The second deals with the problems.The third deals with the requirements.While writing,you should try to use the expressions you just share with us,including some linking words.Meanwhile you should write in a polite and reasonable way since it is a letter of complaints,.All these will make a good article.Have we got it?
設計意圖:通過歸納總結,加深學生對此類文章內容及框架的理解與把握,強化了學生“仿什么”,讓學生在接下來的“習作”訓練中做到有文可“仿”,有文會“仿”。
【Step 6】習作訓練
假如你是李華,請你根據下面三張圖片的內容給你們校長寫一封信反映食堂存在的問題,并提出建議或要求。字數要求 100 字左右。
1.教師提問“Are you satisfied with our school canteen?”引入習作話題。
2.教師出示前幾天在學校食堂拍的三張照片(如下圖),讓學生討論食堂存在的問題,并提出建議或要求(寫提綱)。
Problems Requirements
Picture 1 wait in long lines,too crowded open more windows
Picture 2 high price bring down the price
Picture 3 find sand in our food be more careful while preparing our food
3. 討論后,讓學生完成習作。
4. 要求學生先根據教師提供的互評表進行互評互改,然后叫部分學生展示和分享她們的作品。
以下是一位學生的仿寫習作:
Dear headmaster,
I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about our school canteen.
First,our school canteen is too crowded.It takes us a long time to get our dishes.In addition,the price of some food is so high that some poor students are burdened heavily.Whats worse,we sometimes find sand in the food.So I do hope they can open more windows for us and should be more careful while preparing our food.I wonder if they can bring down the price of some food.
Thank you for your consideration and I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
設計意圖:在“三仿”(仿內容、仿語言、仿結構)訓練的基礎上,對學生進行“寫”的訓練。在“寫”之前,教師呈現圖片,設計一個開放性的問題讓學生討論,從而激活學生的內容圖式。整個環節鞏固了“仿寫”的技巧,達成了學以致用之目標。
【Step 7】布置作業
先討論學校運動場存在的問題,然后請你們給校長寫一封信反映問題,并提出建議或要求。字數要求 100 字左右。
二、范文仿寫教學的基本思路
還原教師的課堂任務與內容,讀者可了解范文仿寫教學課程的基本思路為:解讀范文(仿內容)—— 歸納文體(仿結構)——提煉詞句(仿語言)——激活材料(寫提綱)——成就仿寫(寫篇章)。筆者把它概括為“三仿二寫五步驟”。
1.解讀范文—— 仿內容
解讀范文就是通過閱讀和分析范文,理解其內容,并領悟作者的寫作意圖。在范文仿寫教學中,教師通常先精心挑選一篇范文讓學生解讀其文本。解讀文本的任務主要包括:一是讀中心句,抓住文章大意。二是分析文章細節,獲取支持性的細節信息(要點)。三是領悟作者的寫作意圖。只有對文本進行認真地解讀,才能讓學生感受語言,最終成為語言的模仿者、學習者或實踐者。