英語專業四級新題型寫作模式研究

于愛蓮　孟鴻雁

摘 要：該文針對2016年英語專業四級測試中試卷結構和題型調整后寫作部分的調整變化，用同一范文為例，闡明了3種不同的寫作模式：模式一為段一闡述正方觀點，段二闡述反方觀點，段三提出并分析自己的觀點；模式二為段一引出主題，段二闡述正反雙方觀點，段三提出并分析作者自己觀點；模式三為段一提出話題，段二陳述正方觀點，段三陳述反方觀點，段四闡述自己觀點。

關鍵詞：英語專業四級 寫作 模式

中圖分類號：G71 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1672-3791（2017）07（a）-0137-02

英語專業四級考試是我國自主開發的針對英語專業學生的系列考試之一，測試對象為高等院校二年級英語專業學生。測試內容包括聽、讀、寫英語基本技能以及語法、詞匯等英語基本知識。測試的目的為檢測英語專業二年級學生綜合運用各項英語基本技能的能力以及學生對語音、詞匯、語法、語篇等英語語言知識的掌握程度。此測試是英語專業基礎階段教學的重要組成部分，也是檢驗英語專業教學成果的有效手段之一。此項考試在我國已經開展20余年，期間隨著時代的變化幾經改革。2016年，我國外語專業教學測試專家委員會對此項測試的試卷結構和測試題型做出了新的調整。文章主要研究對寫作部分的調整。

寫作部分調整前由兩部分組成，包括10 min內完成50～60個單詞的便條和35 min內完成150～200詞的短文。調整后的寫作只有大作文一部分。測試的要求為在45 min內能根據所給的作文題目、圖表或閱讀材料寫一篇200詞以上的作文。評判標準和以往一樣為內容切題、結構嚴謹、語言通順、用詞恰當、表達得體等。調整后的寫作最常見的形式為正反雙方材料式作文，針對此類作文，我們可以從以下入手。

例如： 對于大學生可否兼職，以下是四級作文中給出的正反雙方的觀點材料。

Yes：Some students have to earn money to pay the tuition， their expenditure， or satisfy their desire by doing part-time jobs.

Part-time jobs can improve students different skills.

Part-time jobs can help students gain various experiences， which may help them find a decent job in the future.

No：Working part-time may exhaust students and they may skip classes and they may ignore their academic studies.

Students might be deceived when finding part-time jobs.

此作文要求根據所給材料寫作，具體要求為先從正反兩方面總結所給材料，然后提出自己的觀點。針對此要求，我們至少可以采用以下3種寫作模式。

1 三段模式一

三段式可以是此類作文最基本的結構。模式一的結構可以確定為：段一闡述一方觀點，段二闡述另一方觀點，段三提出自己的觀點。以下是用此模式針對上面作文的范文。

Nowadays， in many universities， many college students take part-time jobs in their spare time. However， different people have different opinions on this issue. Those who are in favor of part-time jobs think that students can earn some money to pay the tuition and their expenditure， and help ease the burden on their families. Furthermore， they think that part-time jobs can improve students different practical skills. The most important is that part-time jobs can help students gain various experiences， which may put them in a very advantageous position in the job market.

Other people， however， take the opposite position that many problems may occur in taking a part-time job. Firstly， they think that college students cannot keep a good balance between academic studies and part-time jobs. Students may become very exhausted and spend less time in school work. Secondly， they hold the idea that students may be deceived in finding part-time jobs since they are inexperienced.

Personally， I think that college students can take part-time jobs. Undoubtedly， it can broaden their horizon and help them know more of the society before graduation. But it is worth knowing that a good balance between school work and part-time job should be kept. If so， they can gain both academic knowledge and practical skills during college years.

2 三段模式二

針對此作文，同樣用三段式，但也可以是另外一種模式。段一引出主題，段二闡述正反雙方觀點，段三作者自己觀點。此模式下的同一個作文范例如下。

Nowadays， in many universities， many college students take part-time jobs in their spare time. However， different people have different opinions on this issue. Some people think taking a part-time job will benefit college students， while others think the opposite.

Those who are in favor of part-time jobs think that students can earn some money to pay the tuition and their expenditure. Furthermore， they think that part-time jobs can improve students different practical skills. The most important is that part-time jobs can help students gain various experiences， which may put them in a very advantageous position in the job market. However， those who are against take the position that many problems may occur in taking a part-time job. Firstly， they think that college students cannot keep a good balance between academic studies and part-time jobs. Students may become very exhausted and spend less time in school work. Secondly， they hold the idea that students may be deceived in finding part-time jobs since they are inexperienced.

Personally， I think that college students can take part-time jobs. Undoubtedly， it can broaden their horizon and help them know more of the society before graduation. But it is worth knowing that a good balance between school work and part-time job should be kept. If so， they can gain both academic knowledge and practical skills during college years.

3 四段模式

如果不采用三段式模式，同樣的作文也可以采用四段式模式。具體結構為段一提出話題，段二陳述正方觀點，段三陳述反方觀點，段四闡述自己觀點。此作文在此模式下的例文如下。

Nowadays， in many universities， many college students take part-time jobs in their spare time. However， different people have different opinions on this issue. Some people think taking a part-time job will benefit college students， while others think the opposite.

Those who are in favor of part-time jobs think that students can earn some money to pay the tuition and their expenditure. Furthermore， they think that part-time jobs can improve students different practical skills. The most important is that part-time jobs can help students gain various experiences， which may put them in a very advantageous position in the job market.

However， those who are against take the position that many problems may occur in taking a part-time job. Firstly， they think that college students cannot keep a good balance between academic studies and part-time jobs. Students may become very exhausted and spend less time in school work. Secondly， they hold the idea that students may be deceived in finding part-time jobs since they are inexperienced.

Personally， I think that college students can take part-time jobs. Undoubtedly， it can broaden their horizon and help them know more of the society before graduation. But it is worth knowing that a good balance between school work and part-time job should be kept. If so， they can gain both academic knowledge and practical skills during college years.

3種寫作模式雖然各有不同，第一種模式中前兩段形成觀點對比，既能體現測試要求中的對材料的總結能力，也能引起讀者的思考，在此基礎上第三段作者提出自己的觀點，文章結構緊湊，環環相扣。第二種模式中在文章第一段先引出主題，這樣文章一開始就能抓住讀者的注意力，緊接著第二段中將正反雙方觀點一起闡述，對比效果更明顯，最后第三段順理成章提出自己的看法。第三種模式是采用四段式，是前兩種模式的結合，是總結能力、分析能力和表達能力的更好體現。

4 結語

以上幾種不同的寫作模式只是能更好地幫助學生在有限的考試時間里更得心應手地完成寫作任務而已，因為我們都知道寫作考查的是學生的語言綜合技能，首先學生必須有扎實的語言基本功，要全面掌握詞匯、語法、句子、修辭等語言基礎知識。其次，學生也應具備良好的思維能力和表達能力，能夠將觀點條理清晰、完整清晰地表達出來，因此，不同模式都只是在學生的語言基本功和思維表達水平高的基礎上才能發揮其最大作用。

參考文獻

[1] 彭昀.英語專業大二學生英語專業四級考試寫作錯誤分析[J]. 科技視界，2012（4）：121-122.

[2] H. D. Brown.Teaching by Principles： An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy[M].北京：清華大學出版社，2013.

[3] 鄒申.語言測試[M].上海：上海外語教育出版社，2005.

[4] 王曉琪.2016 年英語專業四級測試改革對英語教學的反撥作用[J].赤子，2016（23）：87-88.