王浩 劉春龍 季樂財
【摘要】 目的 了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者的常見致病菌分布及其動態(tài)演變, 并分析其相關(guān)影響因素。方法 收集767例AECOPD患者初期送檢痰標(biāo)本, 均做痰培養(yǎng)細(xì)菌學(xué)檢驗, 排除同一患者相同部位的重復(fù)菌株, 根據(jù)檢驗結(jié)果分析病原菌分布情況。結(jié)果 從767例患者的痰標(biāo)本中共檢出408株病原菌, 病原菌檢出率為53.19%;分別為2013年143株、2014年126株、2015年139株。其中, 革蘭陰性菌共計217株, 各年度分別為67、67、83株;革蘭陽性菌共計42株, 各年度分別為8、16、18株;真菌149株, 各年度分別為68、43、38株。結(jié)論 AECOPD患者治療過程中應(yīng)緊密結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)亓餍胁W(xué)資料, 常規(guī)開展相關(guān)病原學(xué)檢測, 了解病原微生物學(xué)的動態(tài)變化, 結(jié)合具體情況對抗菌藥物作出合理應(yīng)用, 以避免耐藥性的產(chǎn)生。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 慢性阻塞性肺疾病;痰培養(yǎng);病原微生物;演變
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.25.010
【Abstract】 Objective To understande the distribution and dynamic evolution of common pathogens in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and analyze its influencing factors. Methods The sputum samples were collected from 767 patients with AECOPD at early stage, and bacteriological examination was carried out in sputum culture. The repetitive strains in the same part of the same patient were excluded, and the distribution of pathogens was analyzed according to the test results. Results A total of 408 pathogens were detected from the sputum specimens of 767 patients, with pathogen detection rate as 53.19%, and there were 143 strains in 2013, 126 strains in 2014 and 139 strains in 2015 respectively. There were 217 strains of gram negative bacteria, with 67, 67 and 83 strains in each year, 42 strains of gram-positive bacteria, with 8, 16 and 18 strains in each year, and 149 strains of fungus, with 68, 43 and 38 stains in each year. Conclusion For the treatment of AECOPD patients, local epidemiological data should be closely combined with and routine pathogenic tests should be carried out to understand the dynamic changes of pathogenic microbiology. The rational use of antimicrobial drugs should be combined with the specific circumstances to avoid the emergence of drug resistance.
【Key words】 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Sputum culture; Pathogenic microorganisms; Evolution
慢性阻塞性肺疾?。╟hronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)是一種常見的慢性呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病, 患者多為老年人, 近年來其發(fā)病率逐漸升高, 其發(fā)病率約占40歲以上人群的8.2%, 目前居全球死亡原因的第四位, 直接影響人群生活質(zhì)量及死亡率[1]。慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AECOPD)可導(dǎo)致肺功能急劇下降, 感染是導(dǎo)致其發(fā)生的重要誘因。其中細(xì)菌感染比重最大。由于長期抗生素的廣泛應(yīng)用, 特別是廣譜抗生素, 導(dǎo)致細(xì)菌耐藥菌株明顯增多, 尤其是伴隨AECOPD住院次數(shù)增多而導(dǎo)致的醫(yī)院內(nèi)感染顯得尤為嚴(yán)重[2]。
控制感染的理想治療方案是根據(jù)藥敏結(jié)果選用敏感抗菌藥物。從目前細(xì)菌檢測方法來看, 現(xiàn)在常用的大多數(shù)細(xì)菌學(xué)和藥物敏感性檢測方法和儀器尚無法滿足臨床在盡短時間內(nèi)獲得結(jié)果的需求?!?br>