王帥 郭宇峰 楊永斌 彭志偉 鄭富強(qiáng) 陳鳳 楊凌志
摘 ?要:鋼鐵冶金原理課程作為冶金工程本科專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)理論課,其主要內(nèi)容以闡述鋼鐵冶金工藝過(guò)程的物理化學(xué)原理為主,具有知識(shí)抽象、學(xué)生難理解、內(nèi)容枯燥等問(wèn)題,特別是2020上半年由于新冠肺炎疫情的影響,本課程教學(xué)采用在線教學(xué)方式進(jìn)行,學(xué)生易產(chǎn)生乏味、注意力不集中、跟不上課程進(jìn)度等問(wèn)題。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,在鋼鐵冶金原理課程的在線教學(xué)中采用了“BOPPPS”引導(dǎo)式教學(xué)模式,對(duì)教學(xué)過(guò)程進(jìn)行分步講解,使學(xué)生回到學(xué)習(xí)的中心地位,主動(dòng)參與學(xué)習(xí),調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主動(dòng)性和積極性,提高學(xué)生對(duì)鋼鐵冶金專(zhuān)業(yè)核心課程的理解能力,通過(guò)后續(xù)測(cè)驗(yàn)及總結(jié),獲取學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)效果反饋,完善在線教學(xué)過(guò)程,提高了在線教學(xué)效果。
關(guān)鍵詞:BOPPPS;引導(dǎo)式教學(xué);鋼鐵冶金原理;在線教學(xué)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):G642 ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A ? ? ? ? ?文章編號(hào):2096-000X(2021)22-0132-04
Abstract: The Principles on Ferrous Metallurgy course as a basic theory major course of metallurgical engineering undergraduate, mainly described the theoretical basis of physical-chemistry principle during the ironmaking and steelmaking process. The abstract and boring knowledge is difficult to make the students understand, especially in the spring term of 2020 as a result of the influence of COVID-19 outbreaks. This course teaching had been conducted by the way of online teaching, in which students were prone to boring, inattention, and they were hard to keep up with teaching progress. In order to solve these problems, the "BOPPPS" guided teaching mode was adopted in the online teaching of The Principles on Ferrous Metallurgy course, to decompose the ?step by step, and to make the students to return to the central position of course therefore to active participation in learning, to mobilize students' learning initiative and enthusiasm, and to improve the student's ability to understand the iron and steel metallurgy professional core courses. At last, we improved the online teaching process and the effect of online teachingthrough the follow-up test and summary and getting the feedbacks of students learning.
Keywords: BOPPPS; guided teaching; principles on ferrous metallurgy; online teaching
鋼鐵冶金原理課程是冶金工程專(zhuān)業(yè)(鋼鐵冶金)本科生的學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)課,本課程主要講述鋼鐵冶金過(guò)程的反應(yīng)熱力學(xué)及動(dòng)力學(xué)、金屬熔體、冶金爐渣、化合物的分解-生成反應(yīng)等基礎(chǔ)原理及其在鋼鐵冶金實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的應(yīng)用,要求學(xué)生理解并掌握冶金反應(yīng)熱力學(xué)、動(dòng)力學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論及冶金熔體和爐渣的結(jié)構(gòu)、熱力學(xué)特性及物理化學(xué)性質(zhì),學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用上述基礎(chǔ)理論對(duì)鋼鐵冶金過(guò)程發(fā)生的諸如化合物形成-分解及碳、氫燃燒,還原熔煉,氧化熔煉,鋼液的二次精煉等反應(yīng)的現(xiàn)象及過(guò)程規(guī)律進(jìn)行分析,進(jìn)而學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)鋼鐵冶金反應(yīng)過(guò)程進(jìn)行調(diào)控的方法,使學(xué)生形成應(yīng)用鋼鐵冶金的基本原理和基本方法分析及解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的科學(xué)素養(yǎng),并具備進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新性科學(xué)研究及工程實(shí)踐的能力。
由于本課程基礎(chǔ)理論性強(qiáng),內(nèi)容抽象,學(xué)生無(wú)法認(rèn)識(shí)到其在今后進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)專(zhuān)業(yè)課程及工作中的作用,學(xué)生聽(tīng)課積極性及互動(dòng)性不足,教學(xué)效果不好,影響了后續(xù)專(zhuān)業(yè)課的學(xué)習(xí)和理解,同時(shí)也制約了學(xué)生進(jìn)一步深造及在工作中發(fā)揮創(chuàng)新能力。為改進(jìn)教學(xué)效果,本課程團(tuán)隊(duì)也進(jìn)行了一些探索并取得了一定的成效[1]。2020年春季學(xué)期教學(xué)正值新冠肺炎疫情爆發(fā)時(shí)期,傳統(tǒng)的課堂教學(xué)只能改為線上教學(xué)進(jìn)行。本課程線上教學(xué)采用某視頻直播平臺(tái)進(jìn)行,無(wú)法實(shí)時(shí)觀察學(xué)生的課堂反應(yīng),這進(jìn)一步增加了教學(xué)難度。為保證教學(xué)效果,同時(shí)也探索改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法改變學(xué)生被動(dòng)接受知識(shí)、掌握及運(yùn)用知識(shí)效果差的現(xiàn)狀,提高學(xué)生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)理論及其應(yīng)用方法的積極性和主動(dòng)性,本課程在線上教學(xué)中進(jìn)行了“BOPPPS”引導(dǎo)式教學(xué)的探索和實(shí)踐,以學(xué)生熟知的事例或者當(dāng)前熱點(diǎn)為切入點(diǎn),設(shè)定課堂目標(biāo),熟悉前期基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合多種視頻、動(dòng)畫(huà)等多種方式,學(xué)生組成討論小組積極參與課堂討論,提高學(xué)生注意力及積極性,課后還設(shè)置討論及作業(yè),幫助學(xué)生及時(shí)鞏固課堂知識(shí),取得了較好的學(xué)習(xí)效果。